Concept explainers
For Questions 12 through 17, give a specific example of a process that has the energy changes and transfers described. (For example, if the question states “
∆Eth = 0, W ≠ 0, Q ≠ 0
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College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
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- An electrical power station uses 1.58 x 10-4 J of heat input with an efficiency of 35.7%. (a) How much work is done? (b) How much waste heat is produced by the station? (c) What is the ratio of waste heat to work output? waste heat work outputarrow_forwardAn engine does 25 J of work and exhausts 10 J of waste heat during each cycle. TH= What is the engine's thermal efficiency? Express your answer as a percentage. 17 ΑΣΦ e= If the cold-reservoir temperature is 30 °C, what is the minimum possible temperature in °C of the hot reservoir? Express your answer in degrees Celsius. ? ΑΣΦ °C ?arrow_forwardYou use a quantity of fuel with a total energy content of 19.02 MJ to power an engine. If the average output of the engine over 2 hours was 2.12 kW, what is the efficiency of the engine?arrow_forward
- A heat engine receives 500 j of heat from its combustion process and loses 391 J through the exhaust and friction. What is it’s efficiency?arrow_forwardplease answer the following As a gasoline engine is running, an amount of gasoline containing 12,000 J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 4,000 J of work. What is the engine's efficiency (in percent)? The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 4,300°F (2,600 K). The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 88°F (304 K). What is the Carnot efficiency (in percent) of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?arrow_forwardIn a certain process, the energy of the system decreases by 250 kJ. The process involves 480 kJ of work done on the system. Find the amount of heat Q transferred in this process. Express your answer numerically in kilojoules. Make your answer positive if the heat is transferred into the system; make it negative if the heat is transferred into the surroundings.arrow_forward
- Heating The amount of chemical potential energy stored in one gallon of heating oil is approximately 130 MJ. This is the amount of energy released as heat during combustion. (Note: 1.0 kWh = 3600 kW-sec = 3600 kJ = 3.6 MJ. Verify this equivalency and use it to answer the following question.) a. Suppose that during the winter, heating your home with oil may require an average of 6 gallons of oil per day. Assuming that to be the case, what is the average daily energy consumption? (Express your answer in kWh.) b. If the cost of heating oil is $3.00/gallon, what is the daily cost to heat your home? Use this information to find the cost of heating with oil in units of cents/kWh.arrow_forwardSuppose you spend 30.0 minutes on a stair- climbing machine, climbing at a rate of 90.0 steps per minute, with each step 8.00 inches high. If you weigh 150. lb and the machine reports that 600. kcal have been burned at the end of the workout, what efficiency is the machine using in obtaining this result? If your actual efficiency is 0.18, how many kcal did you actually burn?arrow_forwardA bucket holding 17kg of sand is being lifted by a weightless rope. The bucket leaks 0.5kg of sand for every 1m lifted. Find the work done to lift the bucket up by 10m. Let X represent the distance lifted so far, and use dx to represent a small distance of additional lifting. Assume acceleration due to gravity is g=9.8m/s^2. Give the answer in Joulesarrow_forward
- A large electrical power station generates 1050 MW of electricity with an efficiency of 37.0%. (a) Calculate the heat transfer (in J) to the power station, Q, in one day. (b) How much heat transfer Q. (in J) occurs to the environment in one day? (c) If the heat transfer in the cooling towers is from 35.0°C water into the local air mass, which increases in temperature from 18.0°C to 20.0°C, what is the total increase in entropy (in J/K) due to this heat transfer? J/K (d) How much energy (in J) becomes unavailable to do work because of this increase in entropy, assuming an 18.0°C lowest temperature? (Part of Q. could be utilized to operate heat engines or for simple space heating, but it rarely is.) to Additional Materials O Reading CS Scanned with CamScannerarrow_forwardIn the past decades, coal was used to heat the engine of a steam locomotive. With the engine, a steam locomotive can be accelerated to a desired speed. Calculate the efficiency of the steam engine, when the calorific value of coal is MJ H = 27.9000 M, velocity of the m, = 115 t weighted locomotive is v = 93 km . Amount of coal used is mc = 11 kg kg What is the amount of heat? MJ Q What is the kinetic energy? Ek MJ What is the efficiency? n = H = Constant Value Unit MJ 27.9000 kg Symbol H mc Mv Quantity calorific value mass of the coal mass of locomotive velocity amount of heat kinetic energy efficiency V Q Ek n Unit MJ kg kg t km h MJ MJ Input instruction H m_c m_v V Q E_k etaarrow_forwardThe total consumption of electrical energy in the United States is about 1.37 x 1019 joules per year. ▼ Part A What is the average rate of electrical energy consumption in watts? VO ΑΣΦ Submit Request Answer Part B V Submit ΑΣΦ 4 If the population of the United States is 310 million, what is the average rate of electrical energy consumption per person? Give your answer in kilowatts per person. Request Answer B O ? 24 W 4 kW/personarrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning