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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The hybrid orbitals used by the central atom nitrogen and the types of bonds that are formed in FNO are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.
Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.
Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.
Sigma bond is formed by the end to end overlapping of atomic or hybrid orbitals. All single bonds are sigma bonds. One double bond is made up of one sigma bond and one pi bond. One triple bond is made up of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.
(b)
Interpretation:
The hybrid orbitals used by the central atom carbon and the types of bonds that are formed in C2F4 is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.
Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.
Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.
Sigma bond is formed by the end to end overlapping of atomic or hybrid orbitals. All single bonds are sigma bonds. One double bond is made up of one sigma bond and one pi bond. One triple bond is made up of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.
(c)
Interpretation:
The hybrid orbitals used by the central atom carbon and the types of bonds that are formed in (CN)2 is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.
Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.
Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.
Sigma bond is formed by the end to end overlapping of atomic or hybrid orbitals. All single bonds are sigma bonds. One double bond is made up of one sigma bond and one pi bond. One triple bond is made up of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
- Q10: (a) Propose a synthesis of C from A. (b) Propose a synthesis of C from B. Br Br ...\SCH 3 A B Carrow_forward9: Complete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d).arrow_forwardComplete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d).arrow_forward
- QUESTION 3: Provide the synthetic steps that convert the starting material into the product (no mechanism required). HO OH NH CH3 multiple steps 요요 H3Carrow_forwardQ6: Predict the effect of the changes given on the rate of the reaction below. CH3OH CH3Cl + NaOCH3 → CH3OCH3 + NaCl a) Change the substrate from CH3CI to CH31: b) Change the nucleophile from NaOCH 3 to NaSCH3: c) Change the substrate from CH3CI to (CH3)2CHCI: d) Change the solvent from CH3OH to DMSO.arrow_forwardQ3: Arrange each group of compounds from fastest SN2 reaction rate to slowest SN2 reaction rate. a) CI Cl فيكم H3C-Cl A B C D Br Br b) A B C Br H3C-Br Darrow_forward
- Q2: Group these solvents into either protic solvents or aprotic solvents. Acetonitrile (CH3CN), H₂O, Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Acetone (CH3COCH3), CH3CH2OH, DMSO (CH3SOCH3), DMF (HCON(CH3)2), CH3OHarrow_forwardSuppose the rate of evaporation in a hot, dry region is 1.76 meters per year, and the seawater there has a salinity of 35 ‰. Assuming a 93% yield, how much salt (NaCl) can be harvested each year from 1 km2 of solar evaporation ponds that use this seawater as a source?arrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
- Explain why only the lone pairs on the central atom are taken into consideration when predicting molecular shapearrow_forward(ME EX1) Prblm #9/10 Can you explain in detail (step by step) I'm so confused with these problems. For turmber 13 can u turn them into lewis dot structures so I can better understand because, and then as well explain the resonance structure part. Thanks for the help.arrow_forwardProblems 19 and 20: (ME EX1) Can you please explain the following in detail? I'm having trouble understanding them. Both problems are difficult for me to explain in detail, so please include the drawings and answers.arrow_forward
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