Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The order of increasing acidity of the ions with reasons is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The higher electro negativity of the species greater is the attraction. Therefore, increasing electro negativity of the atom that shares an electron pair will decrease basicity. Weaker bases have stronger conjugate acids; the electro negativity of an atom increases the acidity of the attached proton.
Answer to Problem 11.1P
The order of increasing acidity of the ions is
Explanation of Solution
The oxygen is the most electronegative species followed by sulphur and least electronegative is nitrogen. The given ions are shown below.
Figure 1
The most acidic ion is
The order of increasing acidity of the given ions is found to be as
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Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Summarize the relationship between pKa and base strength by completing the followingsentences: a. For a given base, the higher the pKa of its conjugate acid, the stronger or weaker the base. b. For a given base, the lower the pKa of its conjugate acid, the stronger or weaker the base.arrow_forwardThe following are equivalent ways of asking about the acidity of an H atom: • What is the most acidic H on the molecule? • Which H is associated with the published pKa value? • Which H on the molecule is easiest to remove? • Which H on the molecule takes the least energy to remove? • Which bond to an H is most polarized? • For which H atom is removal least uphill in energy? • Which bond to an H atom, when broken, results in the lowest PE conjugate base? We will often find the last of these questions is easiest to answer. To do this, find all the different Hatoms on the molecule, and draw all possible conjugate bases.Only the lowest-energy one is the “real” conjugate base. Identify this structure, and you have found the most acidic H. Use this strategy to find the most acidic H on each of the following molecules. Note: Each structure hasat least three different kinds of H’s, so draw at least three unique conjugate bases for each.arrow_forwardThe following reactions illustrate Brnsted acid-base behavior. Complete each equation. a.HI(aq)+?H3O+(aq)+I(aq) b.NH3(l)+?NH4++NH2 c.H2C2O4(aq)+H2O(l)?+HC2O4(aq) d.H2N2O2(aq)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+? e.?+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+CO32(aq)arrow_forward
- For the previous four questions, label each molecule that appears in the question or your answer asstrong acid, strong base, weak acid, or weak base.arrow_forwardComplete the equation for the reaction between each Lewis acid-base pair. In each equation, label which starting material is the Lewis acid and which is the Lewis base; use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in each reaction. In doing this problem, it is essential that you show valence electrons for all atoms participating in each reaction. (a) (b) (c) (d)arrow_forward(E) Label each of the following as strong acid, strong base, or neither.arrow_forward
- Answer true or false to the following statements about the mechanism of acid-base reactions. (a) The acid and base must encounter each other by a collision in order for the proton to transfer. (b) All collisions between acids and bases result in proton transfer. (c) During an acid-base reaction the lone pair on the base fills the A-H antibonding sigma orbital.arrow_forwardList the following bases in order of their decreasing strength strongest base first: CN,H2O,HSO3,ClO,Cl.arrow_forwardIf the pH of a solution is 8.6, is the solution acidic or basic? How do you reach your conclusion? List in order the pH values of a solution that is neutral, one that is basic, and one that is acidic.arrow_forward
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