The higher boiling point of NH 3 as compared to CH 4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I 2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces. Concept introduction: Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors. If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule . If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule . Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces. Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds. Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules. Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force. Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces. Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.17QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

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Acetone [(CH3)2CO] is widely used as an industrial solvent.(a) Draw the Lewis structure for the acetone molecule andpredict the geometry around each carbon atom. (b) Is theacetone molecule polar or nonpolar? (c) What kinds ofintermolecular attractive forces exist between acetone molecules?(d) 1-Propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) has a molecularweight that is very similar to that of acetone, yet acetoneboils at 56.5 °C and 1-propanol boils at 97.2 °C. Explain thedifference.

بلند ہلا A B D compound C Give the name of compound A compound B and compound D NH2

1. (A) Provide an example for each of the following: (a) a molecule that only has dispersion forces as IMFs (b) a molecule that has dispersion and dipolar IMFs (c) a molecule that can experience hydrogen bonding (B) Why does NH3 have a higher boiling point than BH3? To answer this question, draw out the Lewis structure for each molecule, and then draw out the VSEPR shape for each molecule.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.17QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.17QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.17QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.17QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.17QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.17QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher boiling point of NH3 as compared to CH4 and the higher melting point of KCl as compared to I2 should be explained on the basis of intermolecular forces.

Concept introduction:

Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.

If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.

Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.

Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.

Boiling point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Melting point depends upon the strength of inter molecular forces.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Solution Summary: The author explains the difference in electro-negativities of atoms and the polarity of bonds by using vectors. There are four types of intermolecular forces.

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