Concept explainers
Coin or god. In Newcomb’s Paradox, first suppose that the psychologist just flips a coin to determine whether to place the million dollars in the box. What is the expected value of selecting both boxes? What is the expected value of selecting just the Zero-or-Million-Dollar box? Suppose, instead, that the experiment is run by an all-knowing godlike being. What would you do?
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The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking
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- The following problem submitted by Daniel Hahn of Blairstown, Iowa, appeared in the Ask Marilyn column of Parade magazine. Source: Parade magazine. You discover two booths at a carnival. Each is tended by an honest man with a pair of covered coin shakers. In each shaker is a single coin, and you are allowed to bet upon the chance that both coins in that booths shakers are heads after the man in the booth shakes them, does an inspection, and can tell you that at least one of the shakers contains a head. The difference is that the man in the first booth always looks inside both of his shakers, whereas the man in the second booth looks inside only one of the shakers. Where will you stand the best chance?arrow_forwardThe following description of the classic Linda Problem appeared in the New Yorker. In this experiment subjects are told, Linda is thirty-one years old, single outspoken and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply concerned with the issue of discrimination and social justice and also participated in antinuclear demonstrations. They are then asked to rank the probability of several possible descriptions of Linda today. Two of them are bank teller and bank teller and active in feminist movement. Many people rank the second event as more likely. Explain why this violates basic concepts of probability. Source: New Yorker.arrow_forward
- Calculus For The Life SciencesCalculusISBN:9780321964038Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.Publisher:Pearson Addison Wesley,