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Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
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- The vapor pressure of ethanol, C2H5OH, at 50.0 C is 233 mmHg, and its normal boiling point at 1 atm is 78.3 C. Calculate the vapH of ethanol.arrow_forwardDecide which substance in each of the following pairs has the lower melting point. Explain how you made each choice. a potassium chloride, KCl; or calcium oxide, CaO b carbon tetrachloride, or hexachloroethane, c zinc, Zn; or chromium, Cr d acetic acid, CH3COOH; or ethyl chloride, C2H5Clarrow_forwardClassify each substance in the table as either a metallic, ionic, molecular, or covalent network solid: Substance Appearance Melting Point Electrical Conductivity Solubility in Water X lustrous, malleable 1500 C high insoluble Y Soft, yellow 113 C None Insoluble Z Hard, white 800 C Only if melted/dissolved solublearrow_forward
- Consider two different organic compounds, each with the formula C2H6O. One of these compounds is a liquid at room conditions and the other is a gas. Write Lewis structures consistent with this observation, and explain your answer. (Hint: The oxygen atom in both structures satisfies the octet rule with two bonds and two lone pairs.)arrow_forwardArrange the following substances in order of increasing strength of the crystal forces: He, NH3, NO2, NaBr, BaO. Identify the kinds of forces that are most important in holding the particles together in a crystalline solid sample of each of the following substances. (a) H2O (b) C6H6 (c) CaCl2 (d) SiO2 (e) Fearrow_forwardThe phase diagram for water over a relative narrow pressure and temperature range is given in Figure 9.19. A phase diagram over a considerably wider range of temperature and pressure (kbar) is given nearby. This phase diagram illustrates the polymorphism of ice, the existence of a solid in more than one form. In this case, Roman numerals are used to designate each polymorphic form. For example, Ice I, ordinary ice, is the form that exists under ordinary pressures. The other forms exist only at higher pressures, in some cases extremely high pressure such as Ice VII and Ice VIII. Using the phase diagram, give the approximate P and T conditions at the triple point for Ice III, Ice V, and liquid water. Determine the approximate temperature and pressure for the triple point for Ices VI, VII, and VIII. What is anomalously different about the fusion curves for Ice VI and Ice VII compared to that of Ice I? What phases exist at 8 kbar and 20 °C? At a constant temperature of −10 °C, start at 3 kbar and increase the pressure to 7 kbar. Identify all the phase changes that occur sequentially as these conditions change. Explain why there is no triple point for the combination of Ice VII, Ice VIII, and liquid water.arrow_forward
- Consider the iodine monochloride molecule, ICI. Because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine, this molecule is a dipole. How would you expect iodine monochloride molecules in the gaseous state to orient themselves with respect to each other as the sample is cooled and the molecules begin to aggregate? Sketch the orientation you would expect.arrow_forwardxplain the following: You add 100mLof water to a 500mLround-bottomed flask and heat the water until it is boiling. You remove the heat and stopper me flask, and the boiling stops. You then run cool water over the neck of the flask, and me boiling begins again. It seems as though you are boiling water by cooling it.arrow_forwardAn amorphous solid can sometimes be converted to a crystalline solid by a process called annealing. Annealing consists of heating the substance to a temperature just below the melting point of the crystalline form and then cooling it slowly. Explain why this process helps produce a crystalline solid.arrow_forward
- Classify each substance in the table as either a metallic, ionic, molecular, or covalent network solid: Substance Appearance Melting Point Electrical Conductivity Solubility in Water X brittle, white 800 C only if melted/dissolved soluble Y shiny, malleable 1100 C high insoluble X hard, colorless 3550 C none insolublearrow_forwardA 22.5-g sample of ice at 0.0 oC is added to 100.0 g of warm water at 35.0 oC, and the final temperature of the mixture is 14.0 oC. (a)How much heat(in Joules)is lost by the warm water? (b) How much heat (in Joules) is absorbed by the melted ice when its temperature increases from 0.0 oC to 14.0 oC? (c) How much heat is absorbed by ice during melting at 0.0 oC? (d) What is the enthalpy of fusion of ice in kJ/mol? (Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/(g.oC)arrow_forwardDiethyl ether is a volatile, highly flammable organic liquid that is used mainly as a solvent. The vapor pressure of diethyl ether is 401 mmHg at 18 degrees C. Calculate its vapor pressure at 65 degrees C.arrow_forward
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