Concept explainers
Project risk should be considered in the capital budgeting decision. When a project is chosen, it is possible that the risk of the project is different from the firm’s average risk. Hence, it is essential to use the risk adjusted discount rate when evaluating a project. A risk adjusted discount rate is one in which he projects’ risk or the premium of taking the risk of that project is adjusted to the firm’s average risk. Average-risk projects are discounted at the average
Firstly, each project is classified in to three categories, high risk, average risk and low risk. Then the average required rate of return of the firm is used as the discount rate for average risk project, reduces the rate of return by 1-3 percent for low risk project and increases the discount rate accordingly for high risk projects. It is important to incorporate project risk in capital budgeting decision, or else one might end up making incorrect decision.
Following are the three independent project which the company needs to evaluate. It usually does so by adjusting its average required rate of return, r of 11%. A high-risk project is adjusted for 4% and a low risk project is adjusted for 2%.
Project | Risk | |
P | 10.0% | Low |
Q | 12.0% | Average |
R | 14.5% | High |
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Check out a sample textbook solution- Clear Contacts is evaluating the following Independernt projects Project IRR Risk CD 15.0% High Average Low GH 13.0 RS 10.5 Clear's policy is to adjust its average required rate of returm, which equals 12 percent, when the risk associeted with a project is determined to be either higher-than- average or lower-than-average. The adjustment for higher-than-average risk projects is 4 percent and the ad ustment for lower-than-average nsk projects is 2 percent Which projectis) should Ciear purchase? O Projects CD and CH shouid be pchased, because they both have RRs greater than 12 percen. O Pojects GH and RS should be purchased O Only Preject Co should be purchased, becase has the highest RR O None of the perojects should be perchased. O Only Project RS should be purchased. Greater Good Glass (GGG) plans to issue a new bond with a coupon rate of interest equal to the yield to matunity (YTM) on its existing bond. The existing bond, which was issued five years ago, has a coupon rate of…arrow_forwardCarter Company is considering three investment opportunities with the following accounting rates of return: Project Y Project X 13.25% Project Z 10.47% ARR 6.58% Use the decision rule for ARR to rank the projects from most desirable to least desirable. Carter Company's required rate of return is 8%. (1 = most desriable and 3= least desirable. Select whether each project should be accepted or rejected.) C Rank Accept/Reject Project X Project Y Project Z @ # * $ IOL 4 % 2 6 4 & 7 4 8 ( 9 ➤W Oarrow_forwardSuppose the net present values of projects A and B show a distribution as follows. Net Present Value (TL) 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 Project A 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 Project B 0.15 0.25 0.3 0.1 0.2 a) Compare the projects according to the expected value criteria? b) Compare the projects by standard deviation criteria? c) Evaluate A and B projects according to the coefficient of variation criteria?arrow_forward
- A firm which uses its WACC for average-risk projects adds and subtracts 3 percentage points for above-average and below-average risk projects, respectively. If its WACC is 8%, which of the following projects should be accepted and why? Project 1: E(r)= 9%; Riskiness: Average; Project 2: E(r)= 9% ; Riskiness: Above Average; Project 3: E(r)= 11%; Riskiness: Average; Project 4: E(r)= 5%; Riskiness: Below Average; Project 5: E(r)= 8%; Riskiness: Below Average; Project 6: E(r)= 10%; Riskiness: Above Average; O A. Project 3 O B. Project 1 OC. Project 5 O D. Project 6arrow_forwardA company estimates that an average-risk project has a WACC of 10 percent, a below-average risk project has a WACC of 8 percent, and an above-average risk project has a WACC of 12 percent. Which of the following independent projects should the company accept? Project A has average risk and an IRR = 9 percent. Project B has below-average risk and an IRR = 8.5 percent. Project C has above-average risk and an IRR = 11 percent. None of the abovearrow_forwardpoints) possible S Carter Company is considering three investment opportunities with the following accounting rates of return: Project X Project Y Project Z ARR 13.25% 6.58% 10,47% Use the decision rule for ARR to rank the projects from most desirable to least desirable. Carter Company's required rate of return is 8%. (1 = most desriable and 3 = least desirable. Select whether each should be accepted or rejected.) Project Rank Accept/Reject 4 deler "k I % 1 2 3 4 5 6 QWERT A trl Project X Project Y Project Z caps lock shift t fn اب 2 @ Z # S $ alt الالالا C V G & Y B hp 7 H N 8 144 ( 9 ا۔ K M U O O P > ie alt ? 7 4 J backspace pause ctri <arrow_forward
- A financial analyst is evaluating the following projects, which are mutually exclusive, meaning that only one of them can be chosen. Based on financial theory and the NPV criterion, which one of these projects should be chosen over the other three? Time A C D -26,000 -7,200 -14,500 -19,600 8,100 11,900 8,100 2,360 8.600 1,150 10,000 2,120 5,700 800 11,100 11,00O0 4,200 850 1,130 9,800 12,480 9,700 830 11,600 Discount 13.9% 13.9% 13.9% 13.9% Rate O Project A O Project B O Project C O Project D O12 345arrow_forwardNPV & IRR Refer to the scenario above. The project(s) you select may vary depending on the WACC and whether the projects are independent or mutually exclusive. Which statement is INCORRECT? If the projects are independent and the WACC is 11.0%, both projects A and B are acceptable. If the projects are independent, Project A would be acceptable if the WACC is 17%, but Project B would not. If a project's NPV is negative, the project cannot be accepted. If the projects are mutually exclusive and the WACC is 11.0%, only project B is acceptable. If the projects are mutually exclusive and the WACC is 6.0%, only project B is acceptable.arrow_forwardC1 = 68100C2 =91200R = 45100 A ) Select the best project using Return on Investment ROI ( Rate of Return ) method the data of both projects are shown the table below. B ) Compare the effect of decrease in revenues of Annual revenues of 5 % on the rate of return for project Y ( calculate the % of change in ROI ).arrow_forward
- You are evaluating five investment projects. You already calculated the rate of return for each alternative investment and incremental rate of return between the two alternatives as well. In calculating the incremental rate of return, a lower cost investment project is subtracted from the higher cost investment project. All rate of return figures are rounded to the nearest integers. Investment Alternative Initial Investment ($) Rate of Return (%) Rate of Return on Incremental Investment (%) A CDE A B C D E b.Select E. c. Select B. 35,000 45,000 d. Do nothing. 50,000 65,000 80,000 12 15 13 20 18 B 28 20 36 27 12 40 22 If all investment alternatives are mutually exclusive and the MARR is 12%, which alternative should be chosen? a. Select D. 42 25 -5arrow_forwardIggy Company is considering three capital expenditure projects. Relevant data for the projects are as follows. Annual Life of Project Investment Income Project 22A $242,800 $16,840 6 years 23A 275,000 20,680 9 years 24A 282,000 15,700 7 years Annual income is constant over the life of the project. Each project is expected to have zero salvage value at the end of the project. Iggy Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation. Click here to view PV table. (a)arrow_forwardYou are evaluating the following four projects: Project Beta Projected (or Expected) Return A 1.80 19.5% B 1.20 14.0% C 0.80 11.5% D 0.50 7.0% Your company’s current practice is to apply its WACC of 12% as a single hurdle rate to all projects. Under your company’s current practice, which project(s) of the four projects above would be incorrectly accepted? Currently, the 3-month Treasury bill rate is 3%, and the market risk premium is 10%. (Hint: Measure the RADRs using the CAPM.) Group of answer choices C A D B At least two of the projects are incorrectly accepted.arrow_forward