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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted by the nucleus of an atom such that an atom of another element is produced after decay is known as alpha decay. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. The radioactive decay in which a positron or an electron is emitted is known as beta decay.
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Answer to Problem 10.12E
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
157 63Eu→0−1β + 157 64Gd
Explanation of Solution
The given parent nucleus is 157 63Eu. The given decay process is beta emission, that is 0−1β particle is emitted.
The net mass is obtained by subtracting the mass of the emitted particle from the mass of the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net mass is,
Net mass=157−0=157
The net charge is obtained by subtracting the charge on the emitted particle from the charge on the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net charge is,
Net charge=63−(−1)=64
The nucleus that has +64 charge and mass equal to 157 is 157 64Gd. Therefore, the daughter nucleus is 157 64Gd. The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
157 63Eu→0−1β + 157 64Gd
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
157 63Eu→0−1β + 157 64Gd
(b)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted by the nucleus of an atom such that an atom of another element is produced after decay is known as alpha decay. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. The radioactive decay in which a positron or an electron is emitted is known as beta decay.
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Answer to Problem 10.12E
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
190 78Pt→42α + 186 76Os
Explanation of Solution
The given parent nucleus is 190 78Pt. The given daughter nucleus is osmium-186, that is 186 76Os.
The net mass is obtained by subtracting the mass of the daughter nucleus from the mass of the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net mass is,
Net mass=190−186=4
The net charge is obtained by subtracting the charge on the daughter nucleus from the charge on the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net charge is,
Net charge=78−76=2
The nucleus that has +2 charge and mass equal to 4 is an alpha particle, that is, 42α. Therefore, the emitted particle is 42α. The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
190 78Pt→42α + 186 76Os
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
190 78Pt→42α + 186 76Os
(c)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted by the nucleus of an atom such that an atom of another element is produced after decay is known as alpha decay. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. The radioactive decay in which a positron or an electron is emitted is known as beta decay.
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Answer to Problem 10.12E
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
138 62Sm+ 0−1e→138 61Pm
Explanation of Solution
The given parent nucleus is 138 62Sm. The given decay process is electron capture, that is 0−1e particle is captured.
The net mass is obtained by adding the mass of the captured particle and the mass of the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net mass is,
Net mass=138+0=138
The net charge is obtained by adding the charge on the emitted particle and the charge on the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net charge is,
Net charge=62+(−1)=61
The nucleus that has +61 charge and mass equal to 138 is 138 61Pm. Therefore, the daughter nucleus is 138 61Pm. The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
138 62Sm+ 0−1e→138 61Pm
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
138 62Sm+ 0−1e→138 61Pm
(d)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted by the nucleus of an atom such that an atom of another element is produced after decay is known as alpha decay. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. The radioactive decay in which a positron or an electron is emitted is known as beta decay.
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Answer to Problem 10.12E
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
188 80Hg→0+1β + 188 79Au
Explanation of Solution
The given parent nucleus is 188 80Hg. The given daughter nucleus is Au-188, that is 188 79Au.
The net mass is obtained by subtracting the mass of the daughter nucleus from the mass of the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net mass is,
Net mass=188−188=0
The net charge is obtained by subtracting the charge on the daughter nucleus from the charge on the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net charge is,
Net charge=80−79=1
The nucleus that has +1 charge and mass equal to 0 is a positron, that is, 0+1β. Therefore, the emitted particle is 0+1β. The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
188 80Hg→0+1β + 188 79Au
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
188 80Hg→0+1β + 188 79Au
(e)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted by the nucleus of an atom such that an atom of another element is produced after decay is known as alpha decay. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. The radioactive decay in which a positron or an electron is emitted is known as beta decay.
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Answer to Problem 10.12E
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
234 90Th→0−1β + 234 91Pa
Explanation of Solution
The given parent nucleus is 234 90Th. The given decay process is beta emission, that is 0−1β particle is emitted.
The net mass is obtained by subtracting the mass of the emitted particle from the mass of the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net mass is,
Net mass=234−0=234
The net charge is obtained by subtracting the charge on the emitted particle from the charge on the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net charge is,
Net charge=90−(−1)=91
The nucleus that has +91 charge and mass equal to 234 is 234 91Pa. Therefore, the daughter nucleus is 234 91Pa. The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
234 90Th→0−1β + 234 91Pa
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
234 90Th→0−1β + 234 91Pa
(f)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted by the nucleus of an atom such that an atom of another element is produced after decay is known as alpha decay. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. The radioactive decay in which a positron or an electron is emitted is known as beta decay.
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Answer to Problem 10.12E
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
218 85At→42α + 214 83Bi
Explanation of Solution
The given parent nucleus is 218 85At. The given decay process is alpha emission, that is 42α particle is emitted.
The net mass is obtained by subtracting the mass of the emitted particle from the mass of the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net mass is,
Net mass=218−4=214
The net charge is obtained by subtracting the charge on the emitted particle from the charge on the parent nucleus. Therefore, the net charge is,
Net charge=85−2=83
The nucleus that has +83 charge and mass equal to 214 is 214 83Bi. Therefore, the daughter nucleus is 214 83Bi. The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
218 85At→42α + 214 83Bi
The balanced equation for the decay reaction of the given isotope is,
218 85At→42α + 214 83Bi
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
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