(a)
Interpretation:
Among acetylsalicylic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and acid anhydride, that are hazardous to breathe dust/vapor/fumes should be explained.
Concept introduction:
Material Safety DataSheet is a document that contains details on the potential health effects of exposure to the chemicals. It also provides guidance for safe procedures to handle chemical products. The hazard evaluations on the use and storage of chemicals and the safety measure taken if accidents occur.
(b)
Interpretation:
Among acetylsalicylic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and acid anhydride the compounds that are most likely to be inhaled accidentally on the basis of their boiling point should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The temperature at that the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure is termed as the boiling point of that liquid. Lower the atmospheric pressure above a liquid, the lower is the temperature to boil the liquid. The temperature at that a substance changes state from its solid-state to liquid state is known as its melting point. The solid and liquid phase of a substance exists in equilibrium at the melting point.
(c)
Interpretation:
Among acetylsalicylic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and acid anhydride, the compounds that are most dangerous to inhale based on the GHS hazard information should be explained.
Concept introduction:
Chemicals used in the laboratories affect our lives. The widespread utilization of chemicals has caused the development of sector-specific regulations. Therefore, readily available information about hazardous properties of chemicals and recommended control measures make the use and disposal of chemicals to be managed safely. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicalsexplains and classifies hazards related to a chemical product.
(d)
Interpretation:
Among acetylsalicylic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and acid anhydride the compounds that are used to be handled in fume hood should be determined.
Concept introduction:
A fume hood is an enclosed device except for the necessary exhaust purposes that are on three sides, top and bottom. It is designed to draw air inward by means of mechanical ventilation and also used to control the exposure to hazardous substances.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry
- Acetic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid all of them undergo esterification test separately with n-propyl alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid. Which among the three is the fastest in showing the formation of pleasant odor. Arrange them from fastest to slowest. Explain and support your answerarrow_forward1. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing reactivity with sodium bicarbonate? Explain briefly -Ethanoic acid, Butanoic acid, Benzoic acid 2. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing solubility in water? Explain briefly. -Ethylamine, Diethylamine, Aniline 3. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing basicity? Explain briefly. -NaOH, Ethylamine, Anilinearrow_forwardBecause phenol (C6H5OH) is less acidic than a carboxylic acid, it can be deprotonated by NaOH but not by the weaker base NaHCO3. Using this information, write out an extraction sequence that can be used to separate C6H5OH, benzoic acid, and cyclohexanol. Show what compound is present in each layer at each stage of the process, and if it is present in its neutral or ionic form.arrow_forward
- 1. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing acidity? Explain briefly. -Ethanoic acid, Butanoic acid, Benzoic acid, Salicylic acid 2. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing reactivity with sodium bicarbonate? Explain briefly -Ethanoic acid, Butanoic acid, Benzoic acid 3. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing solubility in water? Explain briefly. -Ethylamine, Diethylamine, Aniline 4. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing basicity? Explain briefly. -NaOH, Ethylamine, Anilinearrow_forward1. Based on your knowledge on pKa, pH and ionisation describe a method whereby you can separate a solution containing: Sodium bicarbonate and ascorbic acid. 2. Briefly discuss why water is the liquid of choice in (1) car cooling systems and (2) in houses’ central heating systems. 3. Explain how to prepare standard solutions (5 ml each) of NaCl with the following concentrations: 10, 20, 30, 50, 70 ppm. The stock solution has a concentration of 0.05% w/v.arrow_forwardCreate a flowchart to demonstrate how to separate a butyric acid and hexane mixture.arrow_forward
- Considering the procedure below: “Determination of the concentration of HCl: Pipette 10 mL of hydrochloric acid and transfer to a 100 mL volumetric flask, complete the volume with water and homogenize. Remove a 10 mL aliquot of this solution and transfer it to a second dilution in a 100 mL volumetric flask, complete the volume with water and homogenize. Take a 20 mL aliquot of this last solution and transfer to a 250 mL erlenmeyr and add 20 mL of distilled water and 4 drops of the acid-base indicator. Titrate with a previously standardized 0.100 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the indicator turns.” Answer: a) In this titration, the indicator used is phenolphthalein. Discuss the use of this indicator considering its turning range and pH at the stoichiometric point of the titration. Justify. b) Considering that the volume of titrant used was equal to 24.5 mL, calculate the concentration of HCl in the sample in mol/L.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the preparation of benzoic acid in this virtual practical is incorrect. * A- The reflux process transfers energy to a reaction mixture without loss of the reaction mixture from the reflux apparatus. B- A water bath could be used as an alternative heat source to reflux the reaction mixture. C- The water supply must be connected to the bottom of the cooler. D- The first three options are correct. E- The first three options are incorrect.arrow_forwardChemical Equilibrium Write the equilibrium-constant expressions and obtain numerical values for each constant in (a) the basic dissociation of aniline, C6H5NH2. (b) the acidic dissociation of hypochlorous acid, HClO. (c) the acidic dissociation of methyl ammonium hydrochloride, CH3NH3Cl. (d) the basic dissociation of NaNO2. (e) the dissociation of H3AsO3 to H3O+ and AsO33- Using step-by-step processarrow_forward
- Give answers to these questions. Choose from the options A.The efficacy of salicylic acid as well as its solubility in water as compared to p-hydroxybenzoic acid is greatly affected by what phenomenon? Dipole moment Hydrogen bonding Ionic bonding Hydrophobic effect B.This is the most important CYP 450 isozyme that is responsible for the metabolism of almost 50% of the drugs available in the market CYP 2D6 CYP 2A9 CYP3A4 CYP 1A2 C.Ketones are oxidized into Aldehydes Carboxylic acid Secondary alcohol Unable to oxidized D.G- protein coupled receptors are activated via these secondary messengers, except cAMP DAG IP3 ATP E.The gas use for sterilizing heat labile substances Gluteraldehyde Ethylene oxide Nitrogen Acetylenearrow_forward1. Write the equilibrium-constant expressions and obtain numerical values for each constant in(a) the basic dissociation of aniline, C6H5NH2 .(b) the acidic dissociation of hypochlorous acid, HClO.(c) the acidic dissociation of methyl ammonium hydrochloride, CH3NH3Cl.(d) the basic dissociation of NaNO2 .(e) the dissociation of H3AsO3 to H3O + and AsO33- 2. The chemicals A and B react as follows to produce C and D: A + B ↔ C + DKe = [C] [D] [A] [B] The equilibrium constant Ke has a value of 0.30. Assume 0.20 mol of A and 0.50 mol of B are dissolved in 1.00 L, and the reaction proceeds. Calculate the concentrations of reactants [A], [B] and products [C], [D] at equilibrium. Using step-by-step processarrow_forwardyou plan to carry out the syn- thesis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) by reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride, using 85% phosphoric acid as a catalyst. In addition to aspirin, acetic acid will be a side product. Using one of the suggested online sources (such as the Sigma-Aldrich or Acros Organics websites), look up the molar masses for all of the reagents and products in this reaction. Also look up the melting points of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid and the boiling points and densities of acetic anhydride and acetic acid. Your answers should include both the molar masses and the physical properties for all four reagents and products.arrow_forward
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