Physics Fundamentals
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780971313453
Author: Vincent P. Coletta
Publisher: PHYSICS CURRICULUM+INSTRUCT.INC.
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Question
Chapter 1, Problem 3P
(a)
To determine
The time taken by light to travel a distance of
(b)
To determine
The time difference between light and sound to reach the observer.
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A diver below the surface of a lake hears the sound of the siren of a boat on the surface just above him; at the same time, a friend who is on land 22.0 m from the boat also hears the sound.
The siren is 1.2 m above the surface of the water. How far away (marked with "?" in the figure) is the diver?
Take the speed of sound in air as 344 m/s and in water as 1493 m/s.
Trying to determine its depth, a rock climber drops a pebble into a chasm and hears the pebble strike the ground 3.74 s later. (A) If the speed of sound in the air is 343 m/s at the rock climbers location, what is the depth of the chasm? (B) What is the percentage of error that would result from assuming the speed of sound is infinite ?
If you observe a 6.0 second delay between a flash of lightning and its thunder, about how far away are you, in kilometers, if the speed of sound is 343 meters/second on that day?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Physics Fundamentals
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- During a thunderstorm, a frightened child is soothed by learning to estimate the distance to a lightning strike by counting the time between seeing the lightning and hearing the thunder (Fig. P2.25). The speed vs of sound in air depends on the air temperature, but assume the value is 343 m/s. The speed of light c is 3.00 108 m/s. a. A child sees the lightning and then counts to eight slowly before hearing the thunder. Assume the light travel time is negligible. Estimate the distance to the lightning strike. b. Using your estimate in part (a), find the light travel time. Is it fair to neglect the light travel time? c. Think about how time was measured in this problem. Is it fair to neglect the difference between the speed of sound in cold air (vs at 0C = 331.4 m/s) and the speed of sound in very warm air (vs at 40C = 355.4 m/s)?arrow_forwardA student drops a water-filled balloon from the roof of the tallest building in town trying to hit her roommate on the ground (who is too quick). The first student ducks back but hears the water splash 4.021 s after dropping the balloon. If the speed of sound is 331 m/s, find the height of the building, neglecting air resistance.arrow_forwardIn Bosnia, the ultimate test of a young nuns courage used to be to jump off a 400-year-old bridge (destroyed in 1993; rebuilt in 2004) into the River Neretva, 23 m below the bridge. (a) How long did the jump last? (b) How fan was the jumper traveling upon impact with the river? (c) If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, how long after the jumper took off did a spectator on the bridge hear the splash?arrow_forward
- Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes emit a buzz at about 4.00102 Hz, whereas male A. aegypti mosquitoes typically emit a buzz at about 6.00102 Hz. As a female mosquito is approaching a stationary male mosquito, is it possible that he mistakes the female for a male because of the Doppler shift of the sound she emits? How fast would the female have to be traveling relative to the male for him to make this mistake? Assume the speed of sound in the air is 343 m/s.arrow_forwardYou place your ear onto a steel railroad track and hear the sound of a distant train through the rails Δt = 3.6 seconds faster than you do through the air. The speed of sound in steel is vs = 6100 m/s while in air the speed of sound is va = 343 m/s. (a) Write an equation for the time it takes the sound to reach you through the air if the distance to the train is represented by D. (b) Write an equation for the time it takes the sound to reach you through the steel if the distance to the train is represented by D. (c) Use the difference in these two times to write an equation for the distance to the train. (d) For the given information find the distance to the train in meters.arrow_forwardTrying to determine its depth, a rock climber drops a pebble into a chasm and hears the pebble strike the ground 3.24s later. (a) If the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s at the rock climber's location, what is the depth of the chasm? 51.35 x Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate res accuracy to minimize roundoff error, m (b) What is the percentage of error that would result from assuming the speed of sound is infinite? 0.175 from the henint arh sten carefullyarrow_forward
- A group of hikers hears an echo 3.40 s after shouting. How far away is the mountain that reflected the sound wave? (Assume the speed of sound is 341 m/s.)arrow_forwardA stone is dropped down a well and 5 sec later the sound of the splash is heard. If the velocity of the sound is 1120fps, what is the depth of the well?arrow_forwardA bat flying in a cave emits a sound and receives its echo 0.06 s later. Find the distance to the wall of the cave. (hint: the speed of sound, v = 343 m/s)arrow_forward
- An observer at sea level does not hear an aircraft flying at 6000-m standard altitude until 15 s after it has passed over head. Estimate the aircraft speed in m/s.arrow_forwardTrying to determine its depth, a rock climber drops a pebble into a chasm and hears the pebble strike the ground 3.245 later. (a) If the speed of sound in air is343 m/sat the rock climber's location, what is the depth of the chasm? (b) What is the percentage of error that would result from assuming the speed of sound is infinize?arrow_forwardOn December 26, 2004, a great earthquake occurredoff the coast of Sumatra and triggered immense waves (tsunami) thatkilled more than 200,000 people. Satellites observing these waves fromspace measured 800 km from one wave crest to the next and a periodbetween waves of 1.0 hour. What was the speed of these waves in m>sand in km/h? Does your answer help you understand why the wavescaused such devastation?arrow_forward
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