Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Mutation is defined as the sudden unpredictable change in the sequence of DNA. It results in an alteration in DNA sequence. Mutation is caused by environmental factors such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, chemical agents such as sodium azide, bromine and so on.
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Of the following, which is the least plausible hypothesis for why natural selection has not eliminated genes for male homosexuality? a. Perhaps the relatives of a homosexual male have more than an average number of children. b. Homosexual people might spread their genes by helping their brothers and sisters rear their children. c. Maybe there is no gene for homosexuality. Instead, an environmental event produces an epigenetic effect that can be transmitted from one generation to the next. d. Some homosexual men have children.
Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?
Select one:
O a. During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg.
b. Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations.
O c. Genes correspond to segments of DNA.
d. Under normal circumstances, each chromosome contains precisely one gene.
e. Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins.
In the paper we read at the beginning of the term the coat color differences in the beach mice were driven by change in the melanocortin-1 (MCR-1) gene between the color morphs. Based on this information what can you conclude about the mutation causing the color change?
a.
It is a nonsynonymous substitution.
b.
The mutation is considered silent.
c.
The mutation is a transition.
d.
It is a synonymous substitution.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Describe the source of the energy stored In the...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 1.1 - explain why these characteristics are necessary to...Ch. 1.1 - describe how reproduction allows evolution to...Ch. 1.1 - The Boundaries of Life Are viruses alive? Viruses...Ch. 1.2 - explain what mutations are, how they occur, what...Ch. 1.2 - explain how natural processes lead inevitably to...Ch. 1.2 - describe how a new species can be produced by...Ch. 1.2 - The largest dinosaurs were plant-eaters. Based on...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 1.3 - describe the fundamental differences between...Ch. 1.3 - What current, ongoing environmental change is...Ch. 1.4 - describe the principles underlying science?Ch. 1.4 - outline the scientific method?Ch. 1.4 - explain why controls are crucial in biological...Ch. 1.4 - explain why fundamental scientific principles are...Ch. 1.4 - distinguish between inductive and deductive...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 1.4 - Fruit flies, bacteria from hot springs, sea...Ch. 1.4 - The Boundaries of Life If viruses aren't a form of...Ch. 1 - Evolution is a. a belief. b. a scientific theory....Ch. 1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 1 - Prob. 4MCCh. 1 - Which one of the following is True? a. The...Ch. 1 - Organisms respond to ________. Organisms acquire...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 1 - Prob. 1RQCh. 1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 1 - Prob. 3RQCh. 1 - Prob. 4RQCh. 1 - What are some differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 1 - What basic principles underlie scientific inquiry?Ch. 1 - Prob. 7RQCh. 1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 1 - Explain the differences between inductive and...Ch. 1 - List the steps in the scientific method with a...Ch. 1 - What misunderstanding causes some people to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2ACCh. 1 - Review Alexander Flemings experiment that led to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4ACCh. 1 - Prob. 5AC
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- Which of the following statements about the differential expression of human genes is correct? A. Differential expression does not occur during embryogenesis (development of the embryo). B. The unused genes in differentiated cells no longer retain the potential to be expressed. C. Gene expression patterns of all cells are identical. D. Every cell nucleus contains the complete genome established in the fertilized egg.arrow_forwardAre the following examples a description of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organismal, or populational level? A. People with cystic fibrosis have lung problems due to a buildup of mucus in their lungs B. The mutant CF gene encodes a chloride transporter that doesn't transport chloride ions very well. C. A defect in the chloride transporter causes a salt imbalance in lung cells.arrow_forwardMutations cause variations among individuals. If these variations provide an advantage to individuals, then the resulting traits are known as adaptations. Which of the following statements about adaptations is incorrect? A. They are structural or physiological in nature. B. They modify the behaviour of organisms. C. They provide a selective advantage in any environment. D .They increase reproductive success of organisms.arrow_forward
- In general, all mutations can be considered harmful, because most genetic systems are already optimized to work correctly and efficiently. A. True b. False; mutations are considered harmful only if they have a direct effect on the ability of cells to synthesize DNA c. False; some mutations are harmful, and some are considered beneficialarrow_forwardAre gene mutations caused by selective pressures in the environment? In other words, do gene mutations arise in an organism out of need or want? Group of answer choices A. No, because gene mutations are not purely random. B. Yes, because gene mutations are not purely random. C. No, because gene mutations are purely random. D. Yes, because gene mutations are purely random.arrow_forwardOften successful domestication of a plant or animal is due to the fact that this involved just a few gene changes. In what situation can changes in just a few genes dramatically change an organism's entire appearance?arrow_forward
- Which of the following observations would support the Darwinian theory for the evolution of cancer cells (select all that apply)? A. Mutations enable tumor cells to grow faster than normal cells. B. Cells within the tumor each have different mutation in RAS C. Cells isolated from a tumor are all found to have an inactivating mutation in a gene that is normally pro-apoptotic D. Cells of the same type isolated from a tumor are all found to have multiple identical mutations E. Cells of the same type isolated from a tumor are found to be genetically distinct and have different types of mutationsarrow_forwardYou are working in a lab that studies stickleback fish. These fish normally have three spines that occur on the back of the stickleback. One day you notice that a young stickleback has no spines on its back but instead has three spines growing out of the top of its head! (answer both questions) question 1: A mutation in what type of gene is probably the cause of this unusual situation? Why? question #2: would you expect the proteins that make the spines to be different in the mutant fish compared to a wildtype fish. Why or why not?arrow_forwardGene expression is a term that relates to Select one: A. DNA replication. B. the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins. C. how genes are passed from parent to offspring. D. the unique set of genes in an individual.arrow_forward
- Which of the following would not be consistent with the ideathat a disorder has a genetic component?a. The disorder is more likely to occur among an affectedperson’s relatives than in the general population.b. The disorder can spread to individuals sharing similarenvironments.c. The disorder tends to develop at a characteristic age.d. A correlation is observed between the disorder and amutant gene.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the outcome of a mutation? a. A mutation always results in a mutant genotype b. A mutation always results in a mutant karyotype c. A mutation always results in a mutant phenotype d. A mutation always results in a mutant proteinarrow_forwardAt birth a child has got blue eyes, but now his/her eyes turn brown. Which of the following statements would best explain the observed phenomena? A. The child does not have brown pigment at birth B. Eye’s colour at birth is affected by mother’s gene C. Gene repressor for brown pigment produced is not yet active D. Gene activatior for brown pigment production is not yet active at birth E. All of the above statements are falsearrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY