Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation:
The given statement has to be identified as observation, hypothesis, theory, or scientific law.
The given statement is,
The battery in my watch must be dead since it is no longer keeping time.
Concept introduction:
Hypothesis:
A hypothesis is a reasonable guess based on the limited data which acts as a foundation for the further investigation. A hypothesis is not tested and proven scientifically and the results are uncertain and it relies on the possibility.
Theory:
A theory is a well correct explanation of a natural phenomenon that is validated through observation and experimentation and it is based on wide range of data. A theory is tested and proven scientifically, the results are certain, and it relies on evidence.
Scientific law:
A scientific law is the description of an observed fact. It does not explain why the observable fact exists or what causes it.
Example:
A scientific law predicts the results of unborn child’s possible hair colors or how far a baseball travels when launched at a certain angle.
Observation:
An observation is the act of noticing something or judgment from something seen or experienced.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given statement has to be identified as observation, hypothesis, theory, or scientific law.
The given statement is,
My computer must have virus since it is not working properly.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The given statement has to be identified as observation, hypothesis, theory, or scientific law.
The given statement is,
The air feels cool.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
The given statement has to be identified as observation, hypothesis, theory, or scientific law.
The given statement is,
The candle burns more brightly in pure oxygen that in air because supports combustion.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(e)
Interpretation:
The given statement has to be identified as observation, hypothesis, theory, or scientific law.
The given statement is,
My sister wears red quite often.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(f)
Interpretation:
The given statement has to be identified as observation, hypothesis, theory, or scientific law.
The given statement is,
A pure substance has a definite, fixed composition.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chapter 1 Solutions
EBK FOUNDATIONS OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY
- Identify each of the underlined items as a part of either the macroscopic domain, the microscopic domain, or the symbolic domain of chemistry. For those in the symbolic domain, indicate whether they are symbols for amacroscopic or a microscopic feature.(a) A certain molecule contains one H atom and one Cl atom.(b) Copper wire has a density of about 8 g/cm3.(c) The bottle contains 15 grams of Ni powder.(d) A sulfur molecule is composed of eight sulfur atoms.arrow_forwardIdentify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or a theory. Explain your reasoning. (a) Falling barometric pressure precedes the onset of bad weather. (b) All life on earth has evolved from a common, primitive organism through the process of natural selection.arrow_forwardAn empty Erlenmeyer flask weighs 235.6 g. When filled with water (d = 1.00 g/cm3), the flask and its contents weigh 571.3 g. (a) What is the volume of water in the flask? Enter your answer in scientific notation. (b) How much does the flask weigh when filled with the same volume of chloroform (d = 1.48 g/cm3)?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is a scientific theory? (a) The energy in an atomic nucleus is found by E = mc². (b) There is the same number of molecules in equal -volumes of gases. (c) If the temperature of a gas doubles, the pressure doubles. (d) The region surrounding the nucleus has negative charges.arrow_forwardThe following statements pertain to the development of the theory of combustion by the French chemist Lavoisier in the eighteenth century. Match the statement with the appro- priate step (observation, hypothesis, experiment designed to test hypothesis) in the scientific method. (a) A metal is burned in a closed container, and the change in mass of the solid and volume of the gas is measured.(b) Oxygen gas combines with a substance during its combustion.(c) Combustion of a metal in a closed container ceases after a length of time.arrow_forwardThe accepted value of the melting point of pure aspirin is 135 °C. Trying to verify that value, you obtain 134 °C, 136 °C, 133 °C, and 138 °C in four separate trials. Your partner finds 138 °C, 137 °C, 138 °C, and 138 °C. (a) Calculate the average value and percent error for your data and your partner’s data. (b) Which of you is more precise? More accurate?arrow_forward
- (1) A rectangular block of wood has the following dimensions: 10.0 cm x 5.00 cm x 4.00 cm. The block weight 100 g. What is the density of the block of wood? (2) What is the mass of a 400-mL sample of ethyl alcohol if its density is 0.8 g/mL?arrow_forwardCalculate the mass of each of these objects.(a) How much mercury, with a density of 13.5939 g/cm3, weighs in at 8.00 cm3?If the density of 45.0 mL octane is 0.702 g/cm3, how much mass does it have?arrow_forwardMethanol (CH3OH) is a liquid at room temperature with a density of 7.91 x102 kg/m3. In a certain experiment, from the reaction of 2.91 mL of methanol with 2.88 g of oxygen, 2.27 g of carbon dioxide was obtained. What type(s) of chemical reaction is (are) occurring in this experiment? (a) What equipment do you think was used to measure the volume of methanol in this (b) experiment? Calculate the percent yield of the carbon dioxide in this experiment. (c)arrow_forward
- A spherical steel ball has a mass of 3.475 g and a diameter of 9.40 mm. What is thedensity of the steel? |The volume of a sphere = (4/3)πr3 where r = radius.]arrow_forward(a) If the proper dose of ibuprofen for a 150.-lb adult is three 200.-mg tablets, calculate the dosage in mg per kg of body weight. (b) How many milligrams of ibuprofen would a 45-kg individual receive if he were given the same dose?arrow_forward(Q1) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) Lab instructors should be notified if you break a thermometer that contains mercury. B) All chemicals in the lab must be treated as hazardous, even chemicals such as NaCl (table salt). C) Fire alarms, fire extinguishers, showers, and emergency eye washes, are examples of safety equipment in the lab. D) Pipettes and droppers shouldn't be inserted into any reagent bottle, even if they are clean. E) If you break a thermometer that contains mercury you can clean it up with a paper towel.arrow_forward
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning