GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135349298
Author: Sanders
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 25P
Summary Introduction
To review:
The size of a DNA fragment affects its electrophoretic mobility on the electrophoresis gels.
Introduction:
Electrophoretic mobility is the migration of charged particles under the influence of applied electrical field. The cations move toward the negatively charged cathode, anions move toward the positively charged anode, and neutral species remain stationary.
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A piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gel following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Remember, each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gel. These should all be in one lane.
What is it about the chemistry of DNA that causes it to be uniformly negatively charged?
A piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gel following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Remember, each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gel. These should all be in one lane.
What if you had two different DNA fragments that were exactly the same length as measured in base-pairs. Would it be possible to distinguish them using this type of electrophoresis? How would they appear on a gel?
During gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules can easily be separated according to size because all DNA molecules have the same charge-to-mass ratio and the same shape (long rod). Would you expect RNA molecules to behave in the same manner as DNA during gel electrophoresis? Why or why not?
Chapter 1 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
Ch. 1 - 1. Genetics affects many aspects of our lives....Ch. 1 - 2. How do you think the determination that DNA is...Ch. 1 - 3. A commentator once described genetics as “the...Ch. 1 - All life shares DNA as the hereditary material....Ch. 1 - Define the terms allele, chromosome, and gene and...Ch. 1 - 6. Define the terms genotype and phenotype, and...Ch. 1 - 7. Define natural selection, and describe how...Ch. 1 - Describe the modern synthesis of evolution, and...Ch. 1 - What are the four processes of evolution? Briefly...Ch. 1 - Define each of the following terms: a....
Ch. 1 - 11. Compare and contrast the genome, the proteome,...Ch. 1 - With respect to transcription describe the...Ch. 1 - Plant agriculture and animal domestication...Ch. 1 - Briefly describe the contribution each of the...Ch. 1 - If thymine makes up 21% of the DNA nucleotides in...Ch. 1 - What reactive chemical groups are found at the 5...Ch. 1 - Identify two differences in chemical composition...Ch. 1 - What is the central dogma of molecular biology?...Ch. 1 - A portion of a polypeptide contains the amino...Ch. 1 - The following segment of DNA is the template...Ch. 1 - 23. Fill in the missing nucleotides (so there are...Ch. 1 - 24. Suppose a genotype for a protein-producing...Ch. 1 - Prob. 25PCh. 1 - 26. Four nucleic acid samples are analyzed to...Ch. 1 - 27. What is meant by the term homology? How is...Ch. 1 - 28. If one is constructing a phylogeny of reptiles...Ch. 1 - 29. Consider the following segment of...Ch. 1 - 30. Ethical and social issues have become a large...Ch. 1 - 31. In certain cases, genetic testing can identify...Ch. 1 - 32. What information presented in this chapter and...Ch. 1 - 33. It is common to study the biology and genetics...
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- During agarose gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move through the gel when electric current is applied? because DNA is negatively charged because a charged chemical from the loading buffer is bound to the DNA because DNA is positively charged because DNA absorbs electricityarrow_forwardGel electrophoresis drives DNA along an electrical current from a negative electrode to a positive electrode. This is because DNA is a negatively charged molecule. Do you think that gel electrophoresis would function differently if DNA was positively charged? How so? Why?arrow_forwardThe competency of bacterial cells to take up plasmids from the environment can be enhanced by treating them with calcium chloride. Which of the following statements is true regarding this process? Question 23 options: Chloride ions neutralize charges on the phospholipids and DNA. Chloride ions adhere to the cell membrane and calcium ions to the plasmid DNA, thus increasing the attractive force between them. The calcium ions change the structure of the cell membrane and, as a result, the pores are enlarged. Calcium ions neutralize charges on the phospholipids of the bacterial cell membrane and on the DNA of the plasmid. Chloride ions enter the cell through protein pores in the membrane, carrying plasmid DNA with them.arrow_forward
- Calculate the length of the 50,000-bp DNA in a 30-nm fiber.arrow_forwardA piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gell following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gell. These should be in one lane. Do smaller or larger (pb) fragments migrate the furthest? Why?arrow_forwardGive the purpose of gel electrophoresis system. If larger DNA is loaded in the gel, what will be the movement of such DNA, how about is smaller DNA is loaded into the gel?arrow_forward
- Explain why a higher agarose concentration is preferred when seperating smaller DNA molecules. Include mathematical analysis in your answer.arrow_forwardHow Can Fragments of DNA Be Separated From One Another? Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure used to separate DNA fragments based on their sizes. DNA is an acid and has many negative electrical charges due to the negatively charged phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Scientists have used this fact to modify chromatography to separate pieces of DNA. A solution containing a mixture of DNA fragments of variable sizes is placed into a small well formed in an agarose gel (that has a texture similar to gelatin). An electric current causes the negatively-charged DNA molecules to move towards the positive electrode. Imagine the gel as a strainer with tiny pores that allow small particles to move through it very quickly. The larger the size of the particles, however, the slower they are strained through the gel. After a period of exposure to the electrical current, the DNA fragments will sort themselves out by size. Fragments that are the same size will tend to move together through the gel…arrow_forwardDNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Give the discussion of the entire procedurearrow_forward
- Explain why DNA fragments migrate in a gel electrophoresis. Which fragments migrate farthest: large or small?arrow_forwardWhen chromatin is treated with non-specific nucleases, what is the length of the resulting pieces of DNAarrow_forwardRelate how shampoo performs the same function on your hair as it does on cell membranes in this laboratory activity - extracting DNA. Why is it important to have "balanced" centrifuge? What is the importance of salt and alcohol in DNA extraction?arrow_forward
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