Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.45ASP
What is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust? In the human body? List the name and symbol for each.
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The following are the six most common elements in the human body: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.
Each of these elements is heavier than hydrogen and helium.
Explain how and where these elements formed.
Which are the Trace Elements: Less than 0.01% of Total Atoms in the Body?
Look up the valence electron configuration, covalent atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, first ionization energy and Pauling
electronegativity in Chapter 8 (tables are attached). Examine the above data and answer the following questions.
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c) Explain why the noble Group 8A elements are highly unreactive gases.
d) Explain why some elements like F, CI, Br etc, on the upper right of the p block are highly reactive nonmetals.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 1.2 - Pure acetic acid, which gives the sour taste to...Ch. 1.3 - Classify each of the following as a mixture or a...Ch. 1.3 - Classify each of the following as a physical...Ch. 1.3 - In the next image, red spheres represent element A...Ch. 1.3 - The active ingredient in aspirin, ASA, melts at...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1.2CIAPCh. 1.4 - Match the names of the elements described below...Ch. 1.4 - Identify the elements represented in each of the...Ch. 1.6 - Calomel (Hg2Cl2) is not toxic but methyl mercury...Ch. 1.6 - Give the full name of the following units and...
Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 1.8PCh. 1.8 - How would you record the temperature reading on...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 1.10PCh. 1.8 - Convert the following values from scientific...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1.9 - Round off the following quantities to the...Ch. 1.9 - Carry out the following calculations, rounding...Ch. 1.10 - Prob. 1.15PCh. 1.10 - Convert 0.840 qt to milliliters in a single...Ch. 1.10 - A patient is to receive 20 mg of methimazole, a...Ch. 1.10 - Calculate the dosage in milligrams per kilogram...Ch. 1.11 - A thermochromic plastic chip included in a...Ch. 1.11 - A temperature-sensitive bath toy undergoes several...Ch. 1.11 - The highest land temperature ever recorded was 136...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 1.20PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 1.21PCh. 1.11 - What is the specific heat of aluminum if it takes...Ch. 1.12 - A sample of pumice, a porous volcanic rock, weighs...Ch. 1.12 - Chloroform, once used as an anesthetic agent, has...Ch. 1.12 - The sulfuric acid solution in an automobile...Ch. 1.12 - Prob. 1.6CIAPCh. 1.12 - Prob. 1.7CIAPCh. 1 - The six elements in blue at the far right of the...Ch. 1 - Identify the three elements indicated on the...Ch. 1 - The radioactive element indicated on the following...Ch. 1 - (a)What is the specific gravity of the following...Ch. 1 - Assume that you have two graduated cylinders, one...Ch. 1 - State the length of the pencil depicted in the...Ch. 1 - Assume that you are delivering a solution sample...Ch. 1 - Assume that identical hydrometers are placed in...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between a physical change...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is a physical change and...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is a physical change and...Ch. 1 - Name and describe the three states of matter.Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.38ASPCh. 1 - Sulfur dioxide is a compound produced when sulfur...Ch. 1 - Butane (C4H8) is an easily compressible gas used...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as a mixture or a...Ch. 1 - Which of these terms, (i) mixture, (ii) solid,...Ch. 1 - Hydrogen peroxide, often used in solutions to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.44ASPCh. 1 - What is the most abundant element in the earths...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.46ASPCh. 1 - Supply the missing names or symbols for the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.48ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.49ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.50ASPCh. 1 - Glucose, a form of sugar, has the formula C6H12O6....Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.52ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.53ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.54ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.55ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.56ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.57ASPCh. 1 - How many pictograms are in 1 mg? In 35 ng?Ch. 1 - How many microliters are in 1 L? In 20 mL?Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.60ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.61ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.62ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.63ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.64ASPCh. 1 - Round off each of the numbers in Problem 1.63 to...Ch. 1 - Carry out the following calculations, express each...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.67ASPCh. 1 - Carry out the following conversions: (a) 3.614 mg...Ch. 1 - Carry out the following conversions. Consult...Ch. 1 - Express the following quantities in more...Ch. 1 - Fill in the blanks to complete the equivalencies...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.72ASPCh. 1 - The muzzle velocity of a projectile fired from a 9...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.74ASPCh. 1 - The Willis Tower in Chicago has an approximate...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.76ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.77ASPCh. 1 - The white blood cell concentration in normal blood...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.79ASPCh. 1 - Diethyl ether, a substance once used as a general...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.81ASPCh. 1 - Calculate the specific heat of copper if it takes...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.83ASPCh. 1 - A 150 g sample of mercury and a 150 g sample of...Ch. 1 - When 100 cal (418 J) of heat is applied to a 125 g...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.86ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.87ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.88ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.89ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.90ASPCh. 1 - Ethylene glycol, commonly used as automobile...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.92ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.93ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.94ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.95ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.96ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.97ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.98ASPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.99ASPCh. 1 - Approximately 75 mL of blood is pumped by a normal...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.101CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.102CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.103CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.104CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.105CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.106CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.107CPCh. 1 - When 1.0 tablespoon of butter is burned or used by...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.109CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.110CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.111CPCh. 1 - At a certain point, the Celsius and Fahrenheit...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.113GPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.114GPCh. 1 - Sulfuric acid (H2SO4, density 1.83 g/mL) is...
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- Which element is the most abundant element by mass in human body? carbon, oxygen, iron, hydrogen, or nitrogen?arrow_forwardWhich element has only one proton?arrow_forwardWhat three things constitute the ocean (Hint: one of them is water)? Why is this fact important? How do sodium atoms and chlorine atoms combine to make the salt in the ocean?arrow_forward
- What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?arrow_forwardWhat is a mineral? Briefly describe the functions of the following minerals: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, iodine, copper, zinc, fluoride, manganese, cobalt, chromium, and selenium.arrow_forwardDo a web search to identify each of the following elements>isotopes and indicate the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in an atom of the element>isotope:arrow_forward
- Many radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for imaging and treatment purposes. The specific isotopes used depends on the particular organ or body system being studied (for example, Xe-133 is used to image lung function and blood flow.) Technetium-99m is a common radioactive isotope using for a variety of medical applications. It is produced from the decay of Molybdenum-99 and has a half-life of 6.01 hours. What are some of the applications of Tc-99m? While harder to access, another radioactive isotope of technetium, Tc-93, has a half-life of 2.73 hours. If it were easier to harvest, would this be a good substitute for Tc-99m? (remember to explain why for full credit) While Tc-99m has a half-life of 6.01 hours, its decay product has a half-life of 213,000 years. While the medical community considers it to be reasonably safe, within the limits of testing, does this make sense considering both chemical and biological principles? What are possible ways that you might deal with or…arrow_forwardIodine has 37 known isotopes. Therefore, the atomic mass has a range of 108-144 amu. Which of the following statements concerning iodine is correct? A) The isotopes of iodine have between 55 and 91 protons. B) An atom of iodine can have between 55 and 91 neutrons. C) The isotopes of iodine will always have the same number of neutrons, but the protons can vary. D) The isotopes of iodine have between 108 and 144 neutrons, but the number of protons will not vary.arrow_forwardWhat three elements compose carbohydrates? In what ratio are they found?arrow_forward
- what is the atomic number for iron, calcium, potassium, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen?arrow_forwardAccording to chemist John Dalton, if one mole of nitrogen is combined with three moles of hydrogen to form one mole of ammonia (knowing that nitrogen, with an atomic number of 7, has an atomic mass of 14, and hydrogen, with an atomic number of 1, has an atomic mass of 1), then this compound will have an atomic weight (or molecular mass) of: 14 grams per mole (14 daltons) 17 grams per mole (17 daltons) 20 grams per mole (20 daltons) 22 grams per mole (22 daltons) 43 grams per mole (43 daltons)arrow_forwardWhich of the following has the highest iodine content? Which of the following has the lowest melting point? Which of the following requires the fewest moles of hydrogen for complete hydrogenation? Which of these is likely to be solid at room temperature?arrow_forward
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