Your graduate advisor asks you to amplify the following sequence of DNA by PCR: 5’-ATACGCATTCGGACCAGGTCCTAA-3’ 3’-TATGCGTAAGCCTGGTCCAGGATT-5’ a. To ensure that the entire sequence above is amplified, what 6-nucleotide DNA primers should you add to your PCR mix? You order the primers listed above, but instead receive the following set of primers: 5’-CGCATT-3’ 5’-GGACCT-3’ b. What portion of the double stranded DNA molecule will be amplified after 10 rounds of PCR? Your labmate attempts to rescue your PCR reaction by providing you with the following set of primers: 5’-ATACGC-3’ 5’-TCCTAA-3’ c. What is the result of running the PCR reaction with your labmate’s primers? How many double stranded molecules of DNA will result from 10 rounds of amplification?
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
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