You experiementally apply the compund antimyctin, which inhinits the functioning of complex III, cytochrome reductase, from participating in redox reactions. You follow this with the addition of 6 molecules of FADH2. How many total ATP molecules can be created using the number of protons that were pumped?

Cancer cells need more DNA synthesis but the NADPH/ NADP* ratio is high. Which of the following statement is TRUE? Flux through the oxidative reactions is low and the nonoxidative reactions are reversed in order to form ribose 5-phosphate. O b. The oxidative reactions and the isomerase supply both ribose 5-phosphate and NADPH with little flux through the nonoxidative branch. O C. Flux through the oxidative reactions increases and ribose 5-phosphate is shunted into glycolysis by the nonoxidative reactions. Od. The ribose 5-phosphate is recycled through the oxidative steps via the nonoxidative reactions and gluconeogenesis.

Activity of the light reactions (ETC) can be assayed using an artificial, reducible compound (e- acceptor) added to take the place of the terminal electron acceptor.  The artificial e- acceptor used is called DCPIP, a blue dye that turns colorless when it accepts electrons.  The reaction is: H2O + DCPIPoxidized (blue) --> O2 + DCPIPreduced (colorless) What molecule from the light reactions of photosynthesis does DCPIP compete with?     NADPH     H2O     ATP     ADP     NADP+

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monoxygenase is the enzyme involved in Phase I metabolism. 450 refers to: * It can metabolize 450 drugs when in the reduced form and complexed to carbon monoxide It can produce 450 drugs when in the oxidized form and complexed to carbon dioxide It can emit light at 450 nm when in the oxidized form and complexed to carbon monoxide It can absorb light at 450 nm when in the reduced form and complexed to carbon dioxide It can absorb light at 450 nm when in the reduced form and complexed to carbon monoxide

Focusing on the mechanism linking complex I and ATP synthase depicted in figure 3 in the article, compare that hypothetical mechanism to the classical presentation described in our textbook. What are the major differences between this mechanism and Peter Mitchel’s original chemiosmotic theory? What are the similarities.

Explain this krebs cycle

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Electrons are continuously transferred from higher-energy carriers to lower-energy carriers in the electron transport chain, yet somehow iron is utilized as an electron carrier multiple times. Choose the most likely reason why this is possible. The pH of complex II is slightly higher than the pH of complex III. The reduction potential of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in complex I is higher than the reduction potential of iron. The redox potential of iron ions can be manipulated by their environment. For instance, the iron in an iron-sulfur cluster will have a different redox potential than the iron in a heme group. The electrons carried by NADH are higher energy than the electrons carried by FADH2.

The following table summarizes the standard redox potential of some components ofelectron transport chain.Can cytochrome a and a3 be put in complex I whereas cytochrome b and c1 are put incomplex III? Explain.

An arginine residue (Arg 210) in the a subunit of the E. coli ATP synthase is near the aspartate residue (Asp 61) in the matrix-side proton channel. How might Arg 210 assist proton flow?