With the help of the half reactions given in Table 1, formulate the redox equation for the oxidation of succinate and reduction of ubiquinone
Q: The figure below summarises glycogen metabolism. Use the figure to answer the question: Hexokinase…
A: The term "well-fed state" describes a physiological condition in which a person has recently eaten…
Q: 13.What is the consequence of complete inhibition of all mutases in liver cells?
A: Answer 1Option B is correct. Glycogen synthesis is disrupted.In the interconversion of different…
Q: What components make up an ADT and how is it put together? What is your reaction,
A: ADT stands for Adenosine 5'-diphosphate. It is one of the nucleotides that is essential for many…
Q: те ¦ R-C Mitochondrial Matrix Carnitine S-COA COA Carnitine COA -C R- 2. S-COA 1. <←R-CO Select one:…
A: Fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation are two metabolic pathways that involve the production and…
Q: A protein has a number of aspartyl and gluatmyl residues, what would be the expected pl for this…
A: pI refers to the isoelectric point of a molecule, including proteins. It is the pH at which the…
Q: Cholesterol within a lipid bilayer has the ability to: I. Increase membrane fluidity if the…
A: A plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane. It is made up of phospholipids, proteins and…
Q: reactions when Phosphatidylethanolamine was treated with; (i) Phospholipase C (ii)Phospholipase D
A: The second-most prevalent glycerophospholipid among eukaryotic cells is phosphatidylethanolamine…
Q: If the w-carbon atom of a fatty acyl CoA molecule with a C12 chain is labeled with C14, how…
A: A fatty acid has 2 ends; a methyl (CH3-) end and a carboxylate (-COO-) end.Similarly, a fatty acyl…
Q: distribution of Benzene in a 4-compartment PBK model after an exposure of 6h. Convert Berkeley…
A: note :Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first…
Q: Rank the following energy sources according to the order in which they would be used by skeletal…
A: Skeletal muscle requires continuous demand of ATP during exercise or vigorous activity. These ATP…
Q: Some samples may have little to no growth even though microorganisms are present. List four factors…
A: Microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microscopic…
Q: metabolism of folate
A: Answer :So in the given answer we will discuss pointwise the process metabolism in folate later…
Q: The following data was obtained during kinetic analysis of an enzyme with and without an inhibitor.…
A: Enzymatic reaction follow Michaelis–Menten kinetics which is mathematically,Here, V is Reaction…
Q: If the reduction potential for NAD* is -0.315 V and the reduction potential for oxygen is 0.815 V,…
A: Oxidation potential measures the power of a substance or system to add oxygen or remove hydrogen.…
Q: What will happen to the results of an arterial blood gas sample that is exposed to air?
A: The pressure that a single gas alone exerts within a mixture of other gases is referred to as…
Q: Define the three classifications of lipids. Explain how are they different.
A: A wide range of chemicals known as lipids have important functions in the human body. They belong to…
Q: (Glutamine] /min [AOP]/min [Glutamate] [ATP] Which of these inhibition graphs is the one that likely…
A: Michealis menten equations are used to descirbe the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction. The…
Q: Question: Physical pharmacy 7) Which one of the followings experiments are related to micromeritics?…
A: Micromeritics encompasses the scientific and technological exploration of small particles, which…
Q: Mingyu isolated double-stranded (ds) DNA from Matricaria chamomilla, a medicinal plant that is used…
A: Volume of ds-DNA = 2.50 mLVolume of distilled water = 12.00 mLActual concentration of ds DNA =…
Q: Identify a polar bond within carbohydrate molecule and partial changes to the atoms
A: Carbohydrates are macronutrients that are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They are…
Q: On average, how many phosphoanhydride bonds (P;-P; bonds) are directly hydrolyzed in the course of…
A: As per the central dogma of molecular biology, genetic information is stored in the DNA. The genetic…
Q: Problem 6 • Draw out the pathway for the biosynthesis of ecosanpentaenic acid, 20:5 A5,8,11,14,17…
A: let's break down the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) from α-linolenic acid…
Q: In serine protease catalytic triad mechanism, the first and second products that leaves the active…
A: Three amino acid residues are involved in the serine protease catalytic triad mechanism. They are…
Q: Quaternary structure defines the spatial arrangement of proteins with at least two polypeptide…
A: Proteins is a high molecular weight biomolecule that serves diverse functional role in a cell.A…
Q: I. Essay questions 1. Define and classify carbohydrates with suitable examples. Add a note on the…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions with multiple sub-parts,we will provide the solution only…
Q: There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Each one has distinct properties and roles. Drawn is…
A: Lysine has 3 ionizable groups. They are an alpha-carboxylic acid group (highlighted in BLUE) , an…
Q: Which of the following will MOST LIKELY yield a construct containing an insert in the correct…
A: A vector construct, also known as a cloning vector or expression vector, is a DNA molecule that is…
Q: Biosynthesis of fatty acid 20:D6 from acetyl-CoA occurs in the __________ of mammalian cells.…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons. Based…
Q: Why is the citric acid cycle the central pathway in metabolism? (Select all that apply.) a) Citric…
A: Citric acid cycle is also called as Tri carboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle.…
Q: The antiparallel nature of DNA ensures that identical RNA transcripts will be produced regardless of…
A: DNA is deoxy ribo nucleic acid and consist of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted…
Q: Although A-form, B-form, and Z-form DNA are all left-handed, they exhibit different physical…
A: Nucleic acids are biomolecules that carry genetic information from one generation to the next.…
Q: You have learned quite a number of different physicochemical methods for fractionating the contents…
A: Proteins are large, complex molecules that are fundamental to the structure and function of living…
Q: Which of the following is true for role of glucose-6-phosphate in the regulation of carbohydrate…
A: Glucose-6-phosphate is a central molecule in carbohydrate metabolism, involved in glycolysis,…
Q: How would Km and Vmax values change if competitive and non-competitive inhibitors are present in an…
A: Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts in biological systems. By decreasing the…
Q: BIOCHEMISTRY Will material of extraction membrane disturb enzyme in reverse transcription,…
A: Reverse transcription, exonuclease therapy, and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) enzyme activity may…
Q: Given the following biosynthesis scheme, answer the questions (a)-(c) below. OH Me C E Me Me SACP OH…
A: For the synthesis of unbranched fatty acids, living beings carboxylate Acetyl CoA to yield malonyl…
Q: What is the concentration of carnosine in your cell lysate?
A: Volume of cell lysate = 20 Final volume of sample = 100 Fluorescence data for the samples:It is…
Q: How has the discovery of Taq polymerases made PCR more convenient? Taq polymerase has a faster…
A: PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction is an in vitro technique widely used for amplifying target DNA…
Q: BIOCHEMISTRY Why does a dual layer of Cr/Au (20/100nm) delaminate during a GSTAT electrochemical…
A: Several factors may cause GSTAT electrochemical polymerization of PEDOT:PSS to delaminate a dual…
Q: The CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that…
A: Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that cells use to break down glucose and…
Q: ● Unlabeled malonyl-CoA and the following radio labeled acetyl-CoA were used as substrates for fatty…
A: Fatty acids are used to store energy and are crucial parts of cell membranes. The production of…
Q: Is transported into the cytosol, citrulline reacts with aspartate to produce argininosuccinate…
A: The urea cycle is a chemical cycle. It mainly occurs in the liver. Its purpose is to eliminate the…
Q: What is the net charge for the following peptide at pH = 1? Ser-Trp-Arg-Gln-Glu-His-Lys-Asp
A: The given peptide is-Ser- Trp-Arg- Gln-Glu-His-Lys-AspTo find the net charge of the peptide at pH 1,…
Q: 16. Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction? CS-CoA CH₂-C²-S-COA CH₂ I…
A: Acetyl CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation in the hepatic cells has two possible fates:enter TCA…
Q: Which of the following molecules are nonpolar? proteins muscles cell membranes butanoic acid…
A: To determine if a molecule is polar or nonpolar, we need to consider the molecule's molecular…
Q: In a fatty acid, the shorter the carbon chain, the more solid the fatty acid becomes. True False
A: Fatty acids are biomolecules, which consist of a carboxylic group with a lin aliphatic chain. Fatty…
Q: Of eight enzymes in the CAC, why is the succinate dehydrogenase complex unique? Because it is a…
A: Citric acid cycle, also known as Kreb's cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle is an important metabolic…
Q: The activation energy of an uncatalyzed reaction is 91 kJ/mol. The addition of a catalyst lowers the…
A: The rate of a chemical reaction is generally given by the Arrhenius equation:k = A *…
Q: Please explain all the variables used in your diagram in detail.
A: The given diagram is of altered calcium signaling pathway due to beta amyloid aggregation in…
Q: Blood sugar homeostasis: Indicate the order of events that will happen following blood glucose…
A: After a meal, blood glucose increases. To maintain blood glucose level, insulin is released by the…
With the help of the half reactions given in Table 1, formulate the redox equation for the oxidation of succinate and reduction of ubiquinone.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 4 images
- Consider the two half-reactions below and their standard reduction potentials. NAD+ + H+ + 2e → NADH Elo= -0.32 V a-Ketoglutarate + CO₂ + 2H+ + 2e → Isocitrate E' = -0.38 V (a) What is AE" for the spontaneous redox reaction that is, the reaction that actually occurs under standard biochemical conditions (pH 7)? (b) Which of the following statements are correct under standard biochemical conditions? i. The concentration of H+ is 1.0 M. ii. The reaction NAD+ + Isocitrate → NADH + H+ + a-Ketoglutarate + CO₂ is favor- able. iii. NAD+ accepts electrons from isocitrate. iv. The NAD → NADH reaction actually occurs in reverse. The a-ketoglutarate → isocitrate reaction occurs as written. (c) Calculate AG" for the reaction in (a). (pH 7, 25°C, pressure, 1 atm.) (d) Suppose that the actual conditions are T = 25°C, pH = 7, CO₂ = 1 atm, [a-Ketoglutarate] 10 mM, [NAD+] = 2.5 mM, and [NADH] = 0.5 mM. PAR = 2 mM, [Isocitrate] DE What is the value of AG under those conditions? (Hints: pH 7 is already…The ΔG°′ for hydrolytically removing a phosphoryl group from ATP is about twice as large as the ΔG°′ for hydrolytically removing a phosphoryl group from AMP (−14 kJ · mol−1). Explain the discrepancy.Consider the following equilibrium at 25ºC :Glucose-1-Phosphate Glucose-6-PhophateUsing the equilibrium concentrations of [Glucose-1-Phosphate] = 0.35 M and [Glucose-6-Phosphate] = 1.65 M, calculate BOTH K′eqand Gº′ for this reaction. Is this reaction exergonicor endergonic? R = 8.314 J/K·mol
- Arrange the balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (the preparatory phase of glycolysis). First step Last step Answer Bank Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate - dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP →→→→ fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP Glucose + ATP → glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Dihydroxyacetone phosphate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate →→→→ fructose 6-phosphateIf a 0.1 M solution of glucose 1- phosphate at 25 °C is incubated with a catalytic amount of phosphoglucomutase, the glucose 1-phosphate is transformed to glucose 6-phosphate. At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reaction components are Calculate Keq and ΔG′° for this reaction.Chymotrypsin has the highest affinity for which of the following substrates: Table. The values of KM and kcat for some Enzymes and Substrates Enzyme Chymotrypsin Ки (М) 4.4 x 10-1 8.8 x 10-2 6.6 x 104 Kcat (S-1) 5.1 x 10-2 1.7 x 10-1 1.9 x 102 Substrate N-acetylglycine ethyl ester N-acetylvaline ethyl ester N-acetyltyrosine ethyl ester Catalase H2O2 2.5 x 10-2 1.0 x 107 Urease Urea 2.5 x 10-2 4.0 x 105 OA. N-acetylglycine ethyl ester OB. N-acetylvaline ethyl ester OC. N-acetyltyrosine ethyl ester D. Urea
- National Board of Medical Examiners Biochemistry Mark 36. In the presence of a metabolite (X), 6-phosphofructokinase is assayed at a fixed concentration of ATP and varying concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate. The resulting data are shown in the table. Fructose 6-phosphate (pM) 5 10 20 40 75 100 200 Velocity umoles/min 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.70 1.7 2.2 3.1 3.1 Velocity (+X) umoles/min 0.006 0.025 0. 10 0.35 1.03 16 2.9 3.1 400 Metabolite (X) is most likely which of the following substances? O A) ADP O B) AMP OC) CAMP D) Citric acid O E) Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate28. If 20 mM solution of Acetyl-phosphate is transformed to acetate by incubating with a catalytic amount of acetate kinase until equilibrium is reached. Acetyl-phosphate -> Acetate + Pi At equilibrium, the concentration of Acetyl-phosphate is 8 mM. Determine Keq and AG" for the hydrolysis of Acetyl-phosphate reaction. (R = 0.008314 kJ/mol K) .Substrate KM (M) N-Acetylvaline ethyl ether 8.8 X 10 -2 N-Acetyltyrosine ethyl ether 6.6 X 10-4 Which substrate has the higher apparent affinity for the enzyme? Explain. Which substrate is likely to give a higher value for Vmax?
- For an enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menton kinetics, what is thereaction velocity, V (as a percentage of V max , observed at the followingvalues?[S] = K M[S] = 0.5K M[S] = 0.1K M[S] = 2K M[S] = 10K MStandard redox potentials Eo' for some common compounds in biochemistry: Eo' (Volt) + 0,81 +0,42 + 0,25 12 O₂ + 2 H+ + 2 e NO3 + 2 H+ + 2 e 2 cyt c (ox) + 2 e 2 cyt b (ox) + 2 e Pyruvate + 2 H+ + 2 e* NAD + 2 H+ + 2 e Acétoacétate + 2 H+ + 2 e (2) acétoacétate + NADH + H+ H₂O NO₂ + H₂O 2 cyt c (red) 2 cyt b (red) Lactate (3) 2 cyt c (ox) + 2 cyt b (red) NADH + H+ B-hydroxybutyrate + 0,08 - 0,19 With the help of the above table, determine the spontaneous direction of the following reactions in the standard conditions. Justify your answers by calculating the Gibbs (free) energy of reaction in each case. (1) pyruvate + ß-hydroxybutyrate -0,32 - 0,35 lactate + acétoacétate B-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ 2 cyt c (red) + 2 cyt b (ox)Calculate AG for this reaction under the following conditions: 37°C, pH 7, [Pyruvate] = [CO₂] = 4.0 mM, [OAA] = 2.0 mM, [ATP] = 3.5 mM, [P;] = 5.0 mM, and [ADP] = 1.8 mM. Use 2 signficant figures. AG= i kJ.mol-1 Under these conditions, the reaction is (Tolerance is +/- 2%)