Q: How was the process of bacterial transformation discovered?
A: The reception of bare DNA fragments from the external environment and the manifestation of that…
Q: What would you surmise if you examined a Kirby-Bauer assay and found individual colonies of the…
A: Antimicrobial is the efficacy to kill the microbes. Drugs that have antimicrobial properties are…
Q: How do we know that during transduction bacterial cell-to- cell contact is not essential?
A: Transduction is a process of genetic recombination by which a foreign DNA is transferred into a…
Q: How does subcellular centrifugation exactly work? At slower speeds, do the smaller/less dense…
A: Introduction: Subcellular centrifugation is a centrifugation technique that is used in the isolation…
Q: Why are many bacteria considered useful?
A: Bacteria are a sort of organic cell. They establish an enormous area of prokaryotic microorganisms.…
Q: What is a mobilizable plasmid?
A:
Q: How could you isolate mitochondria from liver cells using differential centrifugation?
A: Isolated mitochondria are used to perform several functions. This organelle is used to study…
Q: How does MreB control the shape of a rod-shaped bacterium?
A: The cell growth can be achieved by binary fission and spore formation. There are different proteins…
Q: How can you make bacteria competent?
A: The word 'competence' refers to the ability of a cell to alter its genetics by taking up…
Q: Explain how bacterial conjugation differs fromtransformation and transduction.
A: In genetics, the bacterial conjugation is defined as the process which involves in the transfer of…
Q: Why are Archaea resistant to penicillin?
A: Different types of antimicrobial agents are used to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Specific…
Q: What difficulties does one encounter when trying to differentiate bacteria on the basis of…
A: Bacteria are differentiated based on many different characteristics such as cell shape, nature of…
Q: What would you expect to observe if you were able to “transplant” CreS into a rod-shaped bacterium…
A: CreS refers to the protein Crescentin. It is a protein found in bacteria that is similar to the…
Q: How is bacterial transformation useful to us?
A: Bacterial transformation is the process of horizontal gene transfer where in the bacteria take up…
Q: Describe the process of bacterial transformation, describe the controls and methods you would use to…
A: Transformation is a process in through which Bacteria can take up the foreign DNA.
Q: Based on the results of the Kirby-Bauer test shown below, what can we say about this strain of…
A: In Kirby-Bauer testing, bacteria are put on a plate of solid growth medium and wafers of antibiotics…
Q: What tools are used to transfer bacteria
A: Ans - An inoculation loop is used to transfer bacteria for microbiological culture. Petri dish.…
Q: What is the purpose of bacterial transformation?
A: Transformation is the genetic alteration in a cell by direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous…
Q: What would you conclude if you examined a Kirby –Bauer assay and found individual colonies of the…
A: The Kirby - Bauer method is an universally accepted USFDA approved method commonly used in…
Q: A Hfr bacterium mates with an F- plasmid containing bacterium. What will be the type of bacteria…
A: High-frequency recombination (Hfr) cell is a bacterium that carries a conjugative plasmid ( F…
Q: "what is the reason for forming mucoid colonies in some types of bacteria?"
A: Microscopic organisms develop on strong media as provinces. A settlement is characterized as an…
Q: Please briefly explain the initiation of trancription in bacteria
A: Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA. In…
Q: Assume that one counted 67 plaques on a bacterial plate where 0.1 ml of a 10-5 dilution of phage was…
A: Bacteria are minute organisms that cannot be observed with unaided eyes. These organisms inhabit a…
Q: Outline the steps of bacterial transduction?
A: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. Some of them are injurious while some are beneficial to…
Q: What advantage do quorum-sensing systems confer onbacterial cells?
A: Quorum sensing is a way of communication between cells. It is a signaling pathway. Quorum sensing is…
Q: Explain in your own words how bacteria are grown to form the sample for the antibiotic resistance…
A: Antibiotic resistance The term antibiotic resistance is made up of two words i.e. resistance(ability…
Q: Briefly explain, using the bacteria's response to environment, why the time =0 minutes is often not…
A: Bacterial growth has four different phases: Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, and decline or…
Q: What are the steps of bacterial artificial transformation?
A: Transformation of bacteria and certain other cells is a versatile tool in genetic engineering. The…
Q: how does the use of the streak plate technique enables us to isolate and purify bacteria
A: The streak plate technique is the popular method or technique to isolate and purify the bacteria.
Q: In the Griffith experiment, why didn't the bacteria from rough colonies harm the mice? Because they…
A: Bacteria like Streptococcus do not have membrane-bounded organelles, can reproduce individually,…
Q: Can HFr conjuation increase bacterial diverstity
A: Prokaryotes are the single celled organisms (unicellular) and are the simplest form, which do not…
Q: What are the disadvantages of using the mouth in filling a pipette? Why do we use exponential…
A: Introduction: 1. A Pipette is widely used in biochemistry labs as well as in other biology labs,…
Q: In the shown disc diffusion assay, how many antibiotics have no antibacterial effect at all?: Select…
A: The Kirby-Bauer procedure also known as a disk diffusion test is performed to test the antibiotic…
Q: What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion toattach to an Escherichia coli cell?
A: T4 bacteriophage is the well-studied member of Myoviridae, the most complex family of tailed phages.…
Q: List two methods that can be used to make E. coli cells competent.
A: E Colo is a bacteria that is found in warm blooded organisms. There are some methods to make it…
Q: What is micropropagation?
A: Tissue culture technique involves growing cells or tissues in an artificial medium, which is…
Q: Transformation experiment was first performed on which bacteria?
A: In 1928, Griffith performed an experiment to show us that bacteria can change their function and…
Q: Besides autoinducer synthesis, what intracellular moleculepromotes biofilm formation in many…
A: Autoinducers are produced by the bacterial cells as signaling molecules that act in response to…
Q: What is bacterial conjugation and how was it discovered?
A: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is defined as the exchange of genetic material between organisms.…
Q: How would azithromycin influence quorum sensing in this bacterium?
A: The bacteria are communicating with each other by the process of qurum sensing. It helps them to…
Q: . In what ways are bacterial transformations useful to humans? (Give as many specific examples as…
A: Bacterial transformation is among modern methods for producing recombinant DNA, wherein genomes from…
Q: Why do we use an Electron Scanning Microscope to see bacteriophages over other microscopes?
A: Microscopes are laboratory and scientific instrument that are used to enlarge objects and specimens…
Q: What is the practical implication of exponential growth in bacteria?
A: When a broth culture is inoculated with a small amount inoculum, the population size of the bacteria…
Q: What would happen to a bacteria that lost a plasmid for antibiotic resistance? Would it still be…
A: The term Antibiotic resistance refers to the phenomenon where the bacteria develops a resistance…
Q: Explain how the minimum generation time for the bacteriumEscherichia coli can be less than the time…
A: Escherichia coli is the gram negative unicellular motile bacteria that are found in the intestine…
Q: why is Lysozyme treatment useful in bacterial cell lysis when protien isolation is happening.
A: Lysozyme is a enzyme found in many human secretions like tears, saliva etc. that function as…
Q: What technique is used to stain bacteria? Who developed this technique?
A: Microorganisms are such small living organisms that are less than 0.1 mm, and can be seen only under…
Q: How are we to know which of the bacteria have taken up the plasmid?
A: The process by which the bacterial host takes up the plasmid is referred to as transformation. The…
Why would phages pass through the filters used to separate fragments of bacterial cells after the centrifugation
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- Which medium is well-indicated to amplify a small population of bacteria mixed with much larger bacterial colonies?What is the similarities of differential centrifugation and gradient centrifugation?A culture with approximately 4x105 cells/mL were incubated. After 10 hours, the number of cells had increased to 5x109. a) How long was the generation time in minutes?b) How many generations have occurred?
- In a serial dilution, you plate 1 ml of a 1/1000 dilution of a bacterial culture and find 25 colonies the next day. What was the concentration of cells in the original culture? A) 25 cells/ml B) 0.000025 cells/ml C) 25,000 cells/ml D) 26 cells/ml E) 0.025 cells/mlThere are two cultures of yeast cells in the pictures, one has been incubated for 6 hours and one has been incubated for 24 hours. After a 10x dilution by taking 100µl of each culture and adding it to 900 µl water in a microcentrifuge tube and 100µl sample from the tube was taken to view in the counting chamber. a) Count the total number of yeast cells for each culture respectively b) Calculate the concentration and density of yeast cells for each culture respectivelyYou inoculated a culture with an initial cell count of 6.5x10^3 cells. The generation time for this organism is 25 minutes. You grew the culture for 10 hours. a) How many generations occurred?b) How many cells will be present after the 10 hours?
- (a) Why the plasmid (containing the foreign DNA), together with the competentbacterial cells are heated at 42°C? b) What would be the next stage after heat shock? Discuss the process involved.c) How would you analyze the efficiency of the competent cells used duringtransformation?Why is the loop flamed before it is placed in a culture tube? Why is it flamed after completing the inoculation?Why is bacterial culture useful to grow bacteria?
- In the experiment by Bernard Davis, bacterial F+cells and F- cells were growing while separated by a filter. Filter pores allowed the passage of the liquid medium but not the bacteria cells. As a result: 1) prototype colonies grew well on minimal medium 2) F+ cells were converted to F- cells despite the physical separation 3)F- cells were converted F+ cells despite the physical separation 4)F+ cells were not converted to F- cells because of the physical separation 5) F- cells were not converted to F+ cells because of the physical separation 6)there was no growth of prototypes on minimal mediumA scientist transfers 0.1 mL phage stock to a tube containing 9.9 mL tryptic soy broth. She then transfers 0.1 mL from that tube to a second tube containing 9.9 mL. She then plated 0.1 mL of the content in the second tube. The total fold of dilution is: a) 100,000x b) 1000x c) 100x d) 10,000xWhat is the benefit of using LB (Lysogeny broth) medium for the growth of E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida? Why ?