Why does phage T4 need a lysozyme-like protein in order toinfect its host, and what part of T4 enters the host cytoplasm?

Q: For the following questions, specify which immunoglobulin is being described, according to the…

A: 33. IgM is produced early in infection with high avidity. So option d) IgM is the correct answer.

Q: Where is IgA found in the body?

A: Antibodies are proteins, an essential part of the immune system. Antibodies are produced from the…

Q: What is the typical reproduction cycle of a DNA virus?

A: DNA viruses have a protein coat to surround their genomic DNA. These viruses might have a…

Q: How do the African trypanosomes avoid the effects of antibodies?

A: A solitary celled parasitic protozoan with a following flagellum, plaguing the blood.…

Q: What method is used by bacteriophages to release from the infected host cell? O 1) budding O 2)…

A: Answer is option 4.)lysis.

Q: How can type IV pili facilitate pathogenesis? What are hami?

A: Pathogenesis is characterized as the origin and development of a disease. In many cases, the tissue…

Q: How does toxin neutralization occur? Viral neutralization?

A: Microbial toxins are poisonous substances  synthesized by the microorganisms which demonstrate a…

Q: What types of compounds in bacterial cells can serve as antigens?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, they are present in various shapes in nature like rod-shaped,…

Q: Describe how penetration occurs in T-4 phages.

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages infect the host through two means-…

Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?

A: The central dogma of the protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.…

Q: Which genetic events have allowed Acinetobacter to become so resistant?

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: How can UTI transmission be reduced or prevented?

A: Urinary Tract Infections - UTI is one of the most common infections encountered almost in every age…

Q: An antiviral drug that is a guianine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that: a) blocks…

A: Antimicrobial drugs are agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms and kill them. They are…

Q: What are vector borne diseases?

A: A disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. A disease that…

Q: At what specific sites within the body can the poliomyelitis virus multiply? What is the usual…

A: Virus refers to the infectious agent that replicates (or multiples) in the host cells. It comprises…

Q: Explain the mechanism underlying the molecular structure of C7, C8, and C9 complement protein

A: The complement system consist of 35 proteins found within the plasma or sure to host cells, forms an…

Q: 33) During maturation, B cells expand their endoplasmic reticulum. What is the function of this?" A)…

A: What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? ER is a single membrane folded structure linked…

Q: Actinomycin D is an inhibitor ofa) Transcriptionb) Translationc) Replicationd) None

A: Actinomycin D, an antitumor drug composed of a heterocyclic chromophore and two cyclic pentapeptide…

Q: Why are there so many mutations? What are the bacterial defense system differences from SARS-Cov 2…

A: Abrupt changes inside the DNA that may or may not change the amino acids sequence in a protein is…

Q: Why are viruses considered “obligate intracellular parasites”?  What does it mean to be “obligate”?

A: Introduction :- Intracellular parasites are microscopic parasites that can grow and reproduce inside…

Q: Which of the following is not a task of memebrane proteins? a) cell to cell recognition b)…

A: The plasma membrane comprises lipid, protein, and carbohydrates and each of these molecules performs…

Q: What is the function of the Matrix protein during rabies virus pathogenesis?

A: Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that is responsible for causing rabies disease in humans as well…

Q: Is protein or DNA the genetic material of phage T2?

A: Phages are the viruses that infect bacteria. They do so by injecting their genetic material in…

Q: Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysins are cell membrane…

A: Toxins refer to poisonous substances that include a class of small molecules and proteins, which are…

Q: Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause…

A: To find: What do Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin cause damage to?

Q: Name the disease caused by prions.

A: A prion (proteinaceous infectious particle) is a small proteinaceous infectious disease-causing…

Q: Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages: I.…

A: Lytic cycle is one of the two cycle of viral reproduction which involves the lysis of the host cell.…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning the infection of human cells by the HIV virus is false?…

A: a) After entry to the cell, the virus coat is removed and then the viral DNA is re;ease into the…

Q: Due to what the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as protoxin is converted into active toxin?

A: Pesticide is a chemical constituent which is used to kill the pest like insects which is harmful to…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: What is resistance to viral infection

A: Virus resistance is the factor that can disturb the life cycle of viruses. It is decrease in…

Q: What is resistant to viral infection?

A: Introduction : IFNs are a type of released protein that has antiviral, antiproliferative, and…

Q: 3. A division in Eukaryotes that involves nuclear division without a cytokinesis will lead to the…

A: 3. The formation of a syncitium in eukaryotes:In eukaryotic cells, a syncitium is formed when…

Q: 1)What's Trichomoniasis, name the causative agent. how it can be transmitted, causes and symptoms?

A: Since we only answer one question at a time, we’ll answer the first one. Please resubmit the…

Q: Life Cycle of E. histolytica

A: Entamoeba histolytica is an infectious parasite that infect humans with its infective stage called…

Q: List and explain four distinct mechanisms of innate immune responses for eliminating Gram (-)…

A: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, including bacteria. It is a…

Q: In E. coli, the passage of traits from parent to daughter cell occurs via A) O transformation B) O…

A: The cell division process of prokaryotes (such as E. coli bacteria) is called binary fission. For…

Q: iCQ5) viruses are able to by using the enzyme integrase. a) Lysogenic; Release from the cell without…

A: An infectious bacterium called a virus is made up of a protein-coated fragment of nucleotides.

Q: Explain why IgG subclasses is most efficient at activating complement?

A: Ans: IgG is one of the class of antibody important in eliciting the immune response.

Q: How can the outcome of an SV40 viral infection differ inpermissive versus nonpermissive hosts?

A: Virus is a microorganism that is smaller when compared to a bacterium. They lack the ability to…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.