How does the M2 protein of influenza viruses promote the uncoating of virus particles during the infection cycle?

Q: Are lytic and latent viral infections different in terms of the host cell?

A: I. Differences Between Lytic and Latent Viral Infections1. Lytic Infection:a. host cell fate:i.…

Q: How does an HIV particle acquire its envelope?

A: The human immunodeficiency virus causes HIV infection, which can later progress to become acquired…

Q: Which mosquito is the carrier of Zika virus?

A: Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in monkeys in Uganda in 1947. In…

Q: Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? a) The virus-host relationship usually…

A: Introduction: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria and archaea and replicates within…

Q: After your immune system subdues the virus, you wake up in sweaty clothes. i) Explain generally why…

A: When a virus infects a person (host), it invades their cells to survive and multiply. Once inside,…

Q: A vaccine that employs a toxoid is based upon a ______. A) antibody B) attenuated virus C) histamine…

A: A vaccination is a pharmacological substance that enhances a person's resistance to specific…

Q: Bacteriophage entry into a host cell involves: a) Endocytosis b) Membrane fusion c) Direct injection…

A: A bacteriophage, commonly referred to as a phage, is a type of virus that specifically infects…

Q: A) B) C) D) E) 8) List 5 ways that the current novel coronavirus and the disease it causes differs…

A: The coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, is a respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It…

Q: After entry into the respiratory tract (alveolar epithelium), which is the target protein for the…

A: Acute Respiratory Syndrome Serious Since there are several conserved receptor inputs, namely…

Q: What are the steps in a lysogenic infection?

A: The lysogenic cycle is the process through which a virus replicated its DNA by using a host cell.…

Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?

A: The central dogma of the protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.…

Q: Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds…

A: Meningitis is disease that causes inflammation of meninges. The meninges are the membrane that…

Q: D) polyhedral The first step in viral infection is the recognition between the virus and the host…

A: The virus is a microscopic organism that infects other cells to survive. The virus can only…

Q: Why must a new flu vaccine be manufactured annually? A.) The flu causes mutations in the host cell…

A: Introduction  We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…

Q: Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and…

A: Antigenic Drift - The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code…

Q: Explain the mechanism underlying the molecular structure of C7, C8, and C9 complement protein

A: The complement system consist of 35 proteins found within the plasma or sure to host cells, forms an…

Q: 33) During maturation, B cells expand their endoplasmic reticulum. What is the function of this?" A)…

A: What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? ER is a single membrane folded structure linked…

Q: What is the Coronavirus? Is it a living organism? How does it reproduce? The current vaccines that…

A: Note : Hi. Since you have asked many questions. The three first questions will be answered and if…

Q: Which of the following are important for viral protection

A: Which of the following are important for viral protection? Answer. (b)Interferons

Q: Why can bird flu H5N1 infect humans?

A: Bird flu is caused by a special type of influenza virus. It rarely affects humans. But are two…

Q: What is the function of the Matrix protein during rabies virus pathogenesis?

A: Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that is responsible for causing rabies disease in humans as well…

Q: Which form of poliovirus vaccine is better at eliminatingviruses in the gastrointestinal tract?(a)…

A: Poliomyelitis or polio is an infectious medical condition caused by the poliovirus that mainly…

Q: 3. (a). Illustrate and describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles for the production of viruses. (b).…

A: Introduction :  A prokaryotic organism with only one cell is a bacteria. They lack a nucleus and…

Q: Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysins are cell membrane…

A: Toxins refer to poisonous substances that include a class of small molecules and proteins, which are…

Q: Which of the following statements is true for a retrovirus? a) It contains both RNA and DNA. b) It…

A: Introduction  Viruses are small infectious agents that can replicate only inside the living cells of…

Q: What are the components of the yearly influenza vaccine?

A: Influenza vaccines are the vaccines that are produced to provide immunity against infections caused…

Q: 28. Class VI animal viruses include the retroviruses such as HIV. What type of enzyme does HIV…

A: The correct option is A) Reverse transcriptase. When the HIV has gained entry, the introduction of…

Q: In the mid-1990s, researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV called protease. Once the enzyme's…

A: The substances that inhibit the activity of enzymes are called enzyme inhibitors and the mechanism…

Q: Why might a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule?

A: To determine: To determine why a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule

Q: Antigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra-matic changes in the viral antigens. It…

A: Influenza virus comprised of segmented nucleic acid, nucleocapsid protein, matrix, matrix protein,…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning the infection of human cells by the HIV virus is false?…

A: a) After entry to the cell, the virus coat is removed and then the viral DNA is re;ease into the…

Q: What is the difference between bacterial vs. viral illnesses?

A: Infection occurs when a harmful, disease-causing microorganism invades and multiplies within the…

Q: The flu virus in flu vaccines is a dead virus. The term to describe the virus in this situation is…

A: Correct answer is B

Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?

A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.

Q: Why are there so many deaths from influenza when it is generally a mild disease?

A: Influenza or more commonly known as flu is caused mostly by the Influenza A virus. The symptoms of…

Q: The mechanism of specialized transduction relies on the improper excision of a bacteriophage genome…

A: Gene transfer is the method of inserting genetic material (DNA or a gene of interest) into cells…

Q: What is resistance to viral infection

A: Virus resistance is the factor that can disturb the life cycle of viruses. It is decrease in…

Q: What is resistant to viral infection?

A: Introduction : IFNs are a type of released protein that has antiviral, antiproliferative, and…

Q: A recently emerged virus has been transmitting and mutating rapidly in humans throughout the world.…

A: * Viruses can transmit and replicate faster and can multiply their genome within seconds if host is…

Q: What are the immune responses to viral infections? What is the difference between epidemic and…

A: An epidemic refers to the occurrence of an infectious disease in a population or region that is…

Q: Given what we know about HIV, describe the impact of this virus on humoral and cellular immunity.…

A: The retrovirus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) preferentially attacks and kills CD4+ T…

Q: What part of the host cell is degraded after phage nucleic acid has entered a host cell?

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: iCQ5) viruses are able to by using the enzyme integrase. a) Lysogenic; Release from the cell without…

A: An infectious bacterium called a virus is made up of a protein-coated fragment of nucleotides.

Q: A virus replicates itself by attaching itself to a: a.) tissue b.) cell C.) organ d.) organism

A: The term virus was given by Pasture which means poison. Viruses are not the cells neither they have…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.