Q: The protein which is always present in the liquid portion of the blood and is instrumental in making…
A: Answer is option A.
Q: What are tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTAS)?
A: Antigens - Antigens are defined as the molecules which are capable of causing immunogenicity and…
Q: What is the source of Platelet-activating factor?
A: :Introduction Blood is fluid connective tissue with plasma which is fluid matrix and it has no…
Q: Apart from suffering from recurrent and prolonged infections, Marie Curie experienced the following…
A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…
Q: Why does the "rule of three" not applicable to non-normocytic and non-normochromic red blood cells?
A: Normocytic red blood cells (RBCs) refer to the RBCs that are of the normal size whereas normochromic…
Q: What was the molecular evidence that demonstrated the lineage relationship between granulocytes and…
A: A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during…
Q: What are side effects most common to immunosuppressive therapy? Why there is a high risk of…
A: The type of drugs or medicines that suppresses the strength of the body's immune system is referred…
Q: What are interferons? How do interferons check infection of new cells
A: Given: Interferons are the types of proteins that are part of our natural defenses.Interferons are a…
Q: Why is IgM particularly effective at cross-linking antigens?
A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that is responsible for triggering the immune response…
Q: Which kidney is preferred for live donor transplantation, and why
A: Kidney transplant is considered as superior form of renal substitution therapy where operation or…
Q: What is the significance of a rise in titer of specific antibodies in serum samples taken at…
A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the…
Q: why is MALT considered strategically placed?
A: MALT stands for Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue. The solitary lymph nodules and aggregated…
Q: mechanisms of Complement System activation
A: Complement system are part of innate immunity system. These protect our cells and tissues against…
Q: What is the major cell type involved in graft rejection?
A: T-Cell the major cell type involved in graft rejection.
Q: Why is the function of the complement system
A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…
Q: What are the types of Immunomodulator agents? Please explain each of them? Please answer at your…
A: Immunomodulators are substances that operate on the pathways that control the immune system's…
Q: if a patient has anti- C, anti-Leb, anti-K and anti-Jka. what phenotyp of red blood cells should be…
A: Phenotype of an RBC is determined by the antigen present on their surface .
Q: What are the ideal properties of anti-aging serum ? Please answer at your own words.
A: Retinol is a component that can be found in many serums and other beauty products sold in cosmetic…
Q: Explain what factors of the immune system contribute to transplant rejection.
A: The process of movement of organs, tissues, or cells, from the donor to recipient or from one region…
Q: Which ONE of the following flow cytometry results is most likely in a patient with chronic…
A: B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) develops from a type of white blood cell called B cells.…
Q: What are CD4 lymphocytes? What is the relationship between these cells and HIV? How does HIV…
A: CD4 cells are T helper lymphocytes with receptor proteins on their plasma membrane. CD4 is the…
Q: What does the presence of drumstick on the nucleus of a neutrophil indicate?
A: neutrophils are the important part of white blood cells and they help in warding off the infections.
Q: Do neutrophils go through (central tolearnce) negative selection when they leave the bone
A: Negative selection tests for self tolerance. Self-tolerance is the ability of the immune system to…
Q: What are antibodies and antigens? How do they interact tocause a transfusion reaction?
A: Antigens are substances that cause AN reaction within the body by distinctive substances in or…
Q: What are the raw materials of anti-aging serum ? Please answer at your own words.
A: Anti-aging serums and creams are popular in the market due to their repairing and replenishing…
Q: Why is the stem cell system important to hematopoiesis?
A: Stem cell Stem cells provide new cells for body growth, damage or replace. Stems cells are found in…
Q: In the secondary immune response, naïve B cells are inhibited. Explain the molecular mechanism…
A: Antigen recognition by Ig receptors and extracellular signaling by CD4+ T cells (thymus-dependent)…
Q: Define the different types of graft rejection.
A: Introduction The immune system of a transplant recipient fights the transplanted organ or tissue…
Q: During resistance exercise, three factors support muscle hypertrophy they include the following with…
A: Resistance exercises involve training to improve muscle strength by making muscles work against an…
Q: Why is that antigen-antibody complexes are visible in aggregated clumps, and yet red blood cells are…
A: Agglutination is characterized as the development of clumps of cells or inactive particles by…
Q: Is the antigenic determinant reducing or non-reducing? reducing non-reducing both…
A: Monosaccharides are linked together by chemical bonds to form these Glycan chain-like structures.…
Q: Why doesn’t a negative transfusion reaction occur the first time an Rh-positive patient is exposed…
A: The Rhesus factor is a type of protein that is found on the outside of red blood cells. The protein…
Q: What is the major abnormality in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
A: Introduction The human body is consisting of around 37 trillion cells in total however a large…
Q: What is agglutination and how is it used to differentiate blood type?
A: Agglutination It is defined as the reaction of antigen and antibody. In this reaction, a particular…
Q: What characteristics cytochemical is positive in Hairy Cell Leukemia?
A: Hairy cell leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type…
Q: Why are γδ T cells and NKT cells considered innate leukocytes?
A: γδ T cells and NKT cells are considered as the innate leukocytes, besides belonging to the T cell…
Q: What is the process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of…
A: Because the Y-shaped antibody arms randomly attach to many surfaces of non-self red blood cells,…
Q: Why is a hemolytic transfusion reaction considered a type ofhypersensitivity?
A: In case of blood transfusion, alloantigens (molecules that vary in similar species) found on donor…
Q: How does a tissue rejection reaction occur? How might a patient about to receive a bone marrow…
A: Transplantation is the process by which cancerous or non-functional cells/tissue/organ are removed…
Q: Explain the mechanism of aspirin induced anti-platelet activity? explain at your own words
A: Mechansim of Aspirin: Aspirin Irreversibly inhibit Prostaglandin H at Synthase (cyclooxygenase 1…
Q: How would you have to modify the diagram of IgG to depict serum IgM?
A: An antibody or immunoglobulin is typically made of four polypeptide chains including two light…
Q: What do seropositivity and seronegativity mean?
A: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein synthesized by…
Q: For allograft transplantation: (a) How do doctors avoid hyperacute rejection?
A: Transplant rejection is the point at which the organ beneficiary's immune framework recognises the…
Q: What is x-linked lymphoproliferative disease?
A: The defense mechanism of the host that includes several biological structures and processes to…
Q: The intrinsic clotting pathway is initiated by _________________________________________. A.Tissue…
A: Clotting is the process of changing liquid blood into a gel, which forms a blood clot. Two pathways…
Q: What is a plaque-forming unit?
A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect and replicate within the bacterial host. They are of two…
Q: Any plasma B-cell producing IgG antibody cannot produce IgM or IgD antibody, while a plasma B-cell…
A: Plasma B cells are specialised to produce different types of antibodies. There are five classes of…
why do platelets undergo membrane vesiculation during hyperacute graft rejection?
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- What is the role of histamine in inflammation? A)Histamine increases the volume of blood flow in the area of the infection. B)All these choices are correct. C)Histamine signals to neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection. D)Histamine makes it easier for neutrophils to move from the bloodstream to the site of infection.Which cells are involved in transplant rejection?What distinguishes neutrophils from dendritic cells? How do basophils differ from mast cells?
- What is the immunity of agranulocytes?The nurse is conducting a class on drugs for malignant tumors for a group of new oncology staff members. Which best describes the action of interferons in the management of malignant tumors? a )Interferons increase the production of specific anticancer enzymes.b) Interferons have antiviral and antitumor properties and strengthen the immune system.c) Interferons stimulate the production and activation of T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells.d )Interferons help improve the cell-killing action of T cells because they are retrieved from healthy donorsDifferent MHC I molecules between donor and recipient cells can lead to rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue. Explain relevant concepts in relation to tissue rejection in organ transplant.
