What are tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTAS)?

Q: What is the source of Interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin 6?

A: Interleukin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, and Interleukin-6 are all types of cytokines that are…

Q: What is a tumour marker? How are tumour markers detected in the body and can they be used…

A: A tumour is an abnormal growth of cells that can occur in any part of the body. Tumours can be…

Q: List and define the two general types of tumor.

A: KEY WORDS :- Tumor - It is a cancerous mass or lump caused by abnormal division of cells. It can be…

Q: What are the normal functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene?

A: The BRCA1 gene codes for the protein that causes breast cancer type 1. BRCA1 is a human tumour…

Q: Why are deaths from infection in cancer patients so common?

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergoes continuous cycle without stopping and doesn’t…

Q: name any two methods that can possibly cure cancer .

A: Cancers are one of the most common cause of death in the modern world.  Currently cancer treatment…

Q: What are interferons? Do interferons contribute to oncogenesis (if yes, then how exactly)?

A: Introduction :- Interferons (IFN) come in three different subtypes: alpha, beta, and gamma. IFN-beta…

Q: Describe the positive and negative effects of the innate immune system on cancer cells.

A: Innate immunity – it is a non specific type of immunity, present in an individual since birth. This…

Q: Explain the mechanism of Warburg effect and how it benefits cancer cells

A: The metabolic process of breakdown of glucose under anaerobic conditions that is in the absence of…

Q: What is an Antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

A: There are different kinds of cells for adaptive and humoral immune responses. These are studied…

Q: Explain Three mechanisms for viral induction of cancer.

A: Cancer is not a single disease, its group of disease. Cancer causes are more, more risk disease,…

Q: What is cancer immunotherapy ?

A: In cancer, cells grow abnormally. Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of diseases. The…

Q: Which cells are involved in transplant rejection?

A: Organ transplantation is a medical procedure where organ/s are removed and transplanted/ placed from…

Q: Tissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b)…

A: In biology, the process of determination is related to the process in which embryonic stem cells…

Q: Why are the axillary lymph nodes often biopsied in cases of suspected breast cancer?

A: Cancer is a genetic disease. It is not a single disease rather, it is two or more hundreds of…

Q: What is chronic inflammation and how is it mediated?How is chronic inflammation related to…

A: Inflammation is a normal physiological response that causes injured tissue to heal. An inflammatory…

Q: Explain Direct Enhancement of Phagocytosis?

A: Introduction : Phagocytosis is that the process of engulfment of particles by phagocytic cells, like…

Q: What is the rationale surrounding inflammation and cell injury and cell death?

A: The immunological response of the body helps to protect against foreign antigens that can…

Q: Describe the clonal deletion.

A: The immune system is a sophisticated biological system that can recognize and accept self-cells…

Q: why do platelets undergo membrane vesiculation during hyperacute graft rejection

A: Answer: Platelets are known as thrombocytes, and composed the major part of the blood. These cells…

Q: What are the functions of Defense proteins?

A: Proteins are the polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Q: What is inflammation? Describe the main characteristics of inflammation. What characterizes chronic…

A: Cell injury is a pathological process in which cells are damaged or stressed beyond their capacity…

Q: umor markers

A: Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that forms after unusual cell growth and division. Tumors can be…

Q: Explain the host defenses against cancer

A: The condition in which the cells exhibit uncontrolled, indefinite, and abnormal growth is referred…

Q: Why is the tumor microenvironment important to cancer progression?

A: Cancer progression requires metastasis which in turn is the ability of tumors to migrate within the…

Q: Under what circumstances is cancer considered to have ahereditary component?

A: The abnormal growth of cells that leads to deleterious effects in the body is referred to as cancer.…

Q: What are the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate the various types of cancer, and…

A: Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of…

Q: How does the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to tumorigenesis and disease…

A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be a method within which epithelial cells acquire…

Q: What is apoptosis and how is it utilized as a quality control mechanism in cellular and humoral…

A: Q  What is apoptosis and how is it utilized as a quality control mechanism in cellular and humoral…

Q: Why are deaths from infection in cancer patients so common?

A: Cancer is a situation in which cells continue through a continuous cycle without pausing and do not…

Q: Compare and contrast malignant and benign tumors

A: The tumor is an expansion of a piece of the body, by and large without irritation, brought about by…

Q: 1)Briefly describe three chemical factors affecting cell division. 2)Briefly describe the three…

A: We are allowed to do one question or upto three subpart of a question.  Please repost the undone…

Q: List 3 causes of cancer:

A: Cancer Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body- cancer cell. It is…

Q: What is meant by targeted cancer therapies, and what advantages do they offer?

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…