Why can it be said that the proton motive force is a unifyingtheme in most of bacterial metabolism?

Why is coenzyme A such a good example of activation?

Assuming all genes involved in the metabolic pathway have been sequenced from various microorganisms, propose an isotope-based experiment that would allow you to determine which bacterial species in the water sample could oxidize the hydrocarbon hexane.

Which of the PDH coenzymes does not get restored to its original form at the end of the PDH reaction?     FAD     TPP     NAD+     Lipoamide

Why can the consumption of molecular oxygen indicate the metabolic rate of aerobic organisms?

– Why are metabolic pathways so similar in many organisms?

For E. coli, what is the source of energy, carbon, electrons, and identify the likely terminal electron acceptors.

What is the final electron acceptor for aerobic organisms?  What does this mean?

We eat foods containing sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and cellobiose (disaccharide of cellulose in plants). How many net moles of ATP per mole disaccharide do humans generate from the disaccharides sucrose, lactose, and cellobiose using the glycolytic pathway? Osucrose: 4 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 2 ATP Osucrose: 2 ATP; lactose: 4 ATP; cellobiose: 2 ATP Osucrose: 2 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATP sucrose: 6 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATP sucrose: 4 ATP; lactose: 4 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATP

Explain what electron acceptors are in lactic acid fermentation or ethanol fermentation.