
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
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Author: Amos Gilat
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Transcribed Image Text:Researchers investigated the propensity of patients in emergency rooms to be prescribed pain medication. The
dataset for this study included the discharge notes of over 4000 patients attending a hospital emergency room
between 2014 and 2019.
Choshen-hillel, S., Sadras, I., Gordon-hecker, T., Genzer, S., Rekhtman, D., & Caruso, E. M. (2022). Physicians
prescribe fewer analgesics during night shifts than day shifts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
119(27), e2200047119.
Two of the variables collected are described below:
Shift Type The type of shift the attending physician
was working at the time the patient was
seen.
- Day shift
(8 or 15 hour shift starting at 8am)
- Night shift
(12 or 16 hour shift starting at 8pm)
Prescription
Whether or not pain medication was
prescribed
- Prescribed
- Not prescribed
The data collected on these two variables is displayed in the two-way table of counts below:
Shift type
Not-prescribed Total
1644
2893
831
1264
2475
4157
Table 1: A two-way table of counts of the patient data
Prescription
Day shift
Night shift
Prescribed
1249
433
1682
Let:
Pd be the underlying proportion of patients,
seen by a Day shift physician, who
received a prescription for pain
medication.
and
Pn be the underlying proportion of patients,
seen by a Night shift physician, who
received a prescription for pain medication.
The t-procedures tool was used to carry out a two-sided test for no difference between pd and pn. Output from
the t-procedures tool is given in Figure 1.
Confidence level 95
se(p1 - ₂) = 0.0162
t-multiplier = 1.96
Hypothesised value for P1 - P20
two-tailed P-value = 0.0000 (4 d.p.)
Figure 1: Screenshot of the t-procedures tool

Transcribed Image Text:15. Which one of the following is a correct set of hypotheses for this t-test?
Ho Pd - Pn=0
H₁: pd - Pn>0
O
O
Ho pd pn=0
H1 pd pn 0
Ho Pd - Pn 0
pd - Pn> 0
H1
Ho pd pn 0
H1: pd - În = 0
Ho Pd - Pn = 0
H1: pd - Pn #0
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