Which of the statements below is TRUE for the structure shown in diagram below: :CI : Cl : 1 B Select one: O O CI: 2 a. Two SP² hybrid orbitals formed 2 b. Three SP hybrid orbitals formed 2 c. One SP hybrid orbitals formed 3 d. Three SP hybrid orbitals formed

Aspartame is a compound that is 200 times sweeter than sugar and is used extensively (under the trade name NutraSweet) in diet soft drinks. The skeleton structure of the atoms in aspartame is (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of and bonds in aspartame. (b) What is the hybridization about each carbon atom that forms a double bond with an oxygen atom? (c) What is the hybridization about each nitrogen atom?

Consider acetyl salicylic acid, better known as aspirin. Its structure is (a) How many sigma and pi bonds are there in aspirin? (b) What are the approximate values of the angles marked (in blue) A, B, and C? (c) What is the hybridization of each atom marked (in red) 1, 2, and 3?

What hybrid orbitals would be expected for the central atom in each of the following molecules or ions?

• explain how hybridization reconciles observed molecular shapes with the orbital overlap model.

Why is the concept of hybridization required in valence bond theory?

Methylcyanoacrylate is the active ingredient in super glues. Its Lewis structure is (a) How many sigma bonds are in the molecule? (b) How many pi bonds are in the molecule? (c) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen? (d) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to oxygen? (e) What is the hybridization of the double-bonded oxygen?

Identify the hybrid orbitals used by antimony in SbCl5 and in SbCl6, the ion formed from the reaction of SbCl5 and Cl. Explain your choices.

When two amino acids react with each other, they form a linkage called an amide group, or a peptide link. (If more linkage. are added, a protein or polypeptide is formed.) (a) What are the hybridizations of the C and N atoms in the peptide linkage? (b) Is the structure illustrated the only resonance structure possible for the peptide linkage? If another resonance structure is possible. compare it with the o ne shown. Decide which is the more important structure. (c) The computer-generated structure shown here, which contains a peptide linkage, shows that this linkage is flat. This is an important feature of proteins. Speculate on reasons that the CONH linkage is planar. What are the sites of positive and negative charge in this dipeptide?

Strike-anywhere matches contain a layer of KClO3 and a layer of P4S3. The heat produced by the friction of striking the match causes these two compounds to react vigorously, which sets fire to the wooden stem of the match. KCIO3 contains the ClO3 ion. P4S3 is an unusual molecule with the skeletal structure. (a) Write Lewis structures for P4S3 and the ClO3 ion. (b) Describe the geometry about the P atoms, the S atom, and the Cl atom in these species. (c) Assign a hybridization to the P atoms, the S atom, and the Cl atom in these species. (d) Determine the oxidation states and formal charge of the atoms in P4S3 and the ClO3 ion.