Which of the following types of mutations would be most likely to cause cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)? One that increases the affinity of p21 for Cdks One that decreases the affinity of Rb for the transcription factor E2F One that decreases the ability of p53 to bind to DNA One that causes p53 to be constitutively phosphorylated

Which of the following types of mutations would be most likely to cause cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)? One that increases the affinity of p21 for Cdks One that decreases the affinity of Rb for the transcription factor E2F One that decreases the ability of p53 to bind to DNA One that causes p53 to be constitutively phosphorylated

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15QP: Which of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a...

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A growth factor Fsh3 stimulates the proliferation of culture fish cells. The receptor that binds Fsh3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and there are numerous fish tumor cell lines that have a mutation for the gen for this receptor. Which of the following mutations would be expected to promote uncontrolled cell proliferation. a mutation that inactivates the protein tyrosine phosphatase that acts on the receptor a mutation that prevents the binding of the normal extracellular signal to the receptor a mutation that inhibits the Ras GEF a mutation that destroys the kinase activity of the receptor a mutation that prevents dimerization of the receptor
Which of the following must occur for programmed cell death (apoptosis): 1. p53 must be stabilized 2. M-Cdk must be active 3. Caspases must be inactivated 4. There must be local inflammation
Human cells are highly resistant to transformation. Experiments have shown that 5 regulatory circuits (pathways) have to be altered before human cells can grow as tumor cells in immunocompromised mice. State each of these circuits. Explain how the alteration of the protein of that particular circuit leads to uncontrolled growth. the mitogenic signaling pathway controlled by Ras. the cell cycle checkpoint controlled by pRb. the alarm pathway controlled by p53. the telomere maintenance pathway controlled by hTERT. the signaling pathways are controlled by protein phosphatase 2A, which modulates the activity of the mTOR, Myc, β-catenin, and PKB/ Akt signaling proteins.
See figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex. Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site. Cyclin Serine Lysine Aspartic "Acid Lysine -OH NH3t -Coo NH3+ NH3 + -OH Aspartic Aad Aspartic Acid /Lysine Serine сок
See figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex. Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site. A Explain what a kinase does and how the cyclin controls the activity of the Cdk.
After DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested by the stabilisation of the protein which drives the transcription of the gene, whose protein product interacts with the G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk complexes. O PDGF, acetyltransferase O phenylalanine hydraxylase, PDGF O p53, acetyltransferase O p53, p21 O p21. p53
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		One that increases the affinity of p21 for Cdks
		One that decreases the affinity of Rb for the transcription factor E2F
		One that decreases the ability of p53 to bind to DNA
		One that causes p53 to be constitutively phosphorylated