Which of the following statements is true?   Question 9 options:   a)  Executioner caspases are activated by cleavage.   b)  Initiator caspases are activated by cleavage.   c)  Executioner caspases are activated by dimerization.   d)  Executioner caspases trigger apoptosis but initiator caspases does not.

Two mechanisms inducing Apoptosis, Extrinsic pathway and Intrinsic pathway, have difference and similarity. a What is the key protein that both pathway uses? b How can intrinsic pathway be initiated and what molecule is critical for that?

Which one of the following statements about nucleosomes is false? a) The DNA double helix wraps around the nucleosome. b) The sequence of amino acid in a histone tail is altered during chromatin remodeling. c) A nucleosome is composed of 8 histone proteins; two copies of each type of histone. d) A large percent of the nucleosome is positively charged.

Acquired mutation in the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration found in human cancer (> 50% of all cancers). A germline mutation in p53 is the causative lesion of Li- Fraumeni familial cancer syndrome. In many tumors, one p53 allele on chromosome 17p is deleted and the other is mutated. What type of protein is encoded by the p53 gene? (A) Caspase (B) DNA repair enzyme (C) Membrane cell adhesion molecule (D) Serine phosphatase (E) Telomerase (F) Transcription factor (G) Tyrosine kinase

Choose all of the following that you think are correct Protein(s) that play a role in initiating transcription in eukaryotes include A) general transcription factors. B) transposase enzymes C) RNA polymerase II. D) mediator protein complex. E) enhancers F) topoisomerase G)helicase   Multiple answers  Group of answer choices D B F A E C G

There are many compounds that have been advertised to reduce or delay aging. Resveratrol is a compound isolated from red grapes, and can be found in red wine. This compound is thought to have substantial effects in mammals, such as preventing the growth of tumors and reducing age-related diseases. Many studies have shown that resveratrol and its derivatives cause a cell-cycle arrest in S phase and induce apoptosis. A series of cultured cells have been analyzed for DNA content in the presence and absence of these compounds using a flow cytometer. Using the controls cells (dashed line), which of the following histograms better represents the DNA content of cells treated with the compounds? The X-axis shows relative DNA content.

Why is p53 considered a tumor suppressor protein?   Question 12 options:   a)  Because p53 normally detects breaks in DNA.   b)  Because p53 normally causes progression from G1 to S phase to halt until damaged DNA is fully repaired.   c)  Because p53 normally repairs breaks in DNA.   d)  Because p53 normally stimulates transcription of Repair Polymerase.   e)  Because p53 normally reduces the mutation rate of DNA polymerase.

Which of the following is an inhibitor of apoptosis?   Question 3 options:   a)  Caspase   b)  cytochrome c   c)  Bcl-2 family   d)  p53

Farnesylation of ras allows it to:  a.) be tethered to the plasma membrane. b.) be an integral membrane protein c.) be a soluble protein d.) reveal a nuclear localization signal

You are studying the function of Bax as a positive regulator of apoptosis. You've engineered a version of the Bax protein that is functional, but is mislocalized to the plasma membrane rather than the mitochondria. You expect that this will block the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. When you activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, you are surprised to find that the cells still die. You then do a cell fractionation experiment and verify that Bax is. indeed being sent to the plasma membrane, rather than the mitochondria. In one sentence, what is the most likely hypothesis for what is happening?