Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is correct? O They can exist in left-handed and right-handed forms, with the left-handed form being dominant in nature. O They are all polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or substances that yield such upon hydrolysis. O They are the most abundant type of biochemical substance in the human body. They all have a sweet taste and therefore are also called sugars.

Mild alkaline hydrolysis of glycophospholipids leads to, as major products, 1. Glycerol 2. Glycerol and L-glycerol 3-phosphate 3. Sphingosine 4. Choline O 2 O 4 O 3

The above glucose monosaccharides are held together in the maltose sugar by: glycosidic bonds ether bonds disulfide bonds ester bonds peptide bonds

Cysteine proteases are enzymes that degrade proteins. You may have heard of some examples of these types of proteins before! Bromelain is an enzyme found in pineapple that is commonly used as a meat tenderizer and is the reason Jell-O with fresh pineapple will not solidify. Cysteine proteases are remarkably similar to serine proteases (like chymotrypsin), except they have a cysteine in their active site rather than a serine. Using the mechanism that we discussed for serine proteases, draw a corresponding mechanism for a cysteine protease cleaving the bond between an alanine-glycine dipeptide. Note that cysteine proteases do not require an aspartate in their active site. Also note that the cysteine is usually in its thiolate form (deprotonated) and the histidine is in its imidazolium form (fully protonated) in the resting state of the enzyme.

Monosaccharides should always have at least two hydroxyl group. True or False? Monosaccharides can have two or more aldehyde groups in one structure. True or False? Both aldehyde group and ketone group are always present in a monosaccharide. True or False? All carbons of monosaccharide should have at least one hydroxyl group. True or False?

Cholesterol is synthesized by all animal cells and is an essential structural component of animal cell membranes. Cholesterol is the most common steroid and is mainly synthesized in the liver. Cholesterol also serves as a precursor for several important biological compounds including all, EXCEPT: X A B C x D testosterone bile salts vitamin D insulin H H N

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