Which of the following statement(s) about DNA vaccines is(are) NOT true? Check all that apply. A.) DNA vaccines are an example of "ex vivo" vaccination; cells are removed from the body, transfected with DNA expressing the antigen(s) of interest, and then the cells are returned to the body. B.) DNA vaccines can be used to immunize with multiple different antigens. C.) DNA vaccines only stimulate B cell responses. D.) DNA vaccines only stimulate T cell responses. DNA vaccines alone often result in poor immunogenicity

This term describes an antigen that is too small to be immunogenic, however it binds to proteins in the body to increase its size, allowing it to then be able to trigger an immune reaction: O 1) hapten O 2) alloantigen 3) superantigen O 4) epitope

The complement system of defense is composed of proteins that are always present in the blood. Which statement describes the importance of this system in early pathogen defense? A.) It does not have to be activated by antibodies. B.) It rapidly lower the blood pH. C.) It recognizes specific common pathogens. D.) It causes immediate pathogen lysis.

Knockout mice are mice in which certain genes are rendered irreversibly nonfunctional through the technique of homologous recombination. Which knockout mice would you use to study the two pathways of antigen processing and presentation?

42. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for C3a and C5b are anaphylatoxins. 43. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement: on C3 and C5 convertases are generated from all complement pathways. 44. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement: While the Clq protein starts the classical pathway, the complement MBL protein starts the pathway. 45. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement MHC-II can present to CD8+ T cells and can be loaded with 13 amino acids 46. Regarding the figure below, choose (a) for tissue rejection or (b) for NO tissue rejection: Recipient haplotype Donor haplotype Host B Host AxB C 244

The function of the integrin can be described as follows:a). Media signal translation insideb). Stabilizes the binding of the TCR so that receivers are added and signals are sent insidec). Allows the receiver and its corrector to stick to the antigend). It helps the movement and development of lipid rafts that add and concentrate antigens together with TCR