Which of the following is true regarding microbial tests that lead to color change in tubes used to characterize bacteria? (more than one answer may be correct) OUrea is degraded by urease, causing a rise in pH O Urea is degraded by urease, causing a rise in acid level O Production of carboxylic acids causes a rise in pH O Production of carboxylic acids causes a drop in pH
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- All of the following are correctly matched and can be found in bacteria EXCEPT: None of the other four answers (all are correctly matched and can be found in bacteria) Nucleus membrane-bound organelle containing multiple chromosomes Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis Cell wall contains peptidoglycan Cell (plasma) membrane - encloses cytoplasm; phospholipid bilayer with proteinsComplete the table below with the observations: include amount of growth (-, +, ++, +, ++), colonial morphology for NA, color of colonies for EMB, and media color for MSA. Organism/ Media Nutrient Agar (NA) Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) Agar Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus aureus Unknown 9 mixtureIn the Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are dark purple for all the following reasons EXCEPT: None of the other four answers (All are reasons that gram-positive bacteria are purple Crystal violet is fixed inside the cell as a CV-lodine complex once iodine is added The counterstain (safranin) causes the purple color to develop The primary stain, crystal violet, is dark purple Thick peptidoglycan in the gram-positive cell wall prevents decolorization by alcohol
- In the Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are dark purple for all the following reasons EXCEPT: The primary stain, crystal violet, is dark purple The counterstain (safranin) causes the purple color to develop Thick peptidoglycan in the gram-positive cell wall prevents decolorization by alcohol Crystal violet is fixed inside the cell as a CV-Iodine complex once iodine is added None of the other four answers (All are reasons that gram-positive bacteria are purpleWhich of the following statements regarding microbial control agents is FALSE? Question options: strongly acidic or alkaline disinfectants are typically more effective than neutral pH agents the presence of extracellular fats typically decreases the effectiveness of control agents a warmed disinfectant is typically more effective than the same disinfectant at room temperature substances secreted by members of biofilms increase protection against microbial control agents all of these statements are TRUE bacterial endospores are more resistant to antimicrobial treatment than vegetative bacterial cellsIn the Gram stain, gram-negative bacteria appear red for all the following reasons EXCEPT: They stain with safranin because they are colorless at the step where it is added Safranin is a red stain None of the other four answers (all are true) The peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls is too thin to retain the crystal violet-iodine complex when the decolorizer (alcohol) is added The gram-negative cells' outer lipopolysaccharide layer (outer membrane) prevents their being stained by crystal violet in the first step
- A microbiologist has isolated a new strain of bacteria, and is trying to characterize aspects of its growth. Three flasks of the same media have different amounts of NaCl added. Other growth conditions are identical, and the flasks inoculated at the same time. At regular intervals over a 3 hour period, culture samples are taken and turbidity is measured. Here are the absorbance values over time in a table and graphed. Absorbance (OD600) Time (min) 20% NaCl 3% NaCl 0% NaCl 0 0.05 0.05 0.05 30 0.06 0.05 0.05 60 0.075 0.06 0.05 90 0.11 0.07 0.049 120 0.25 0.1 0.048 150 0.5 0.105 0.055 180 0.7 0.11 0.055 210 0.99 0.15 0.06 240 1.22 0.18 0.055 270 1.35 0.19 0.06 300 1.5 0.2 0.06 330 1.6 0.25 0.062 360 1.7 0.3 0.06 Based on these data, which of the following can be determined about this bacterium? It is psychrophilic. It…What is the unknownn organism based on this biochemical test results? Gram Stain: Gram Positive Oxidase: Positive Catalase: Positive MAC: Non Lactose Fermenter MSA: Mannitol Salt Fermenter Gelatin Hydrolysis: Negative Indole Production: Negative Motility Indole Ornithine Medium: Negative MR/VP Test: Negative Nitrate Test: Positive Simmon Citrate Test: Negative Urease Test: Positive Possible Organisms: Vibrio fischeri Enterococcus faecalis Micrococcus luteus Streptococcus pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis Acinetobacter baumannii Staphylococcus aureus Mycoplasma pneumoniae Escherichia coli Candida albicans Salmonella enterica Listeria monocytogenesDescribe characteristics of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Agar: (How does colonies look like (color) and explain does it grow on that agar. (Don't have to write the incubation period) ~ Only describe how would it look like on the Agar: Blood Agar (Aerobic) MacConkey EMB PEA Mannitol Salt Agar Chocolate Agar Nutrient Agar
- Answer the following questions briefly and concisely 1.How do bacteria in a chemostat and those in a batch culture vary from one another? 2. What happens in a chemostat if the dilution rate is higher than the organism's maximum specific growth rate? 3.Does a chemostat require the use of pure cultures? 4. Why would a complicated culture media for Leuconostoc mesenteroides be simpler to make than one with a fixed chemical composition?A class of 15 students (8 males and 7 females) will need to culture an unknown bacteria for a specific activity where 5 nutrient agar pates per female student and 3 agar slants per males student are needed to prepare. agarplate: 25mL Agar slant: 10mL Broth tube: 8mL Nutrient Agar: Yeast extract: 2g/L peptone: 5g/L Sodium chloride: 5g/L Agar powder: 15g/LAnswer the following questions: 1. Define a bacterial colony. 2. What is the difference between macroscopic and microscopic appearance of bacteria? 3. State the three standard terms used to describe single colonies on agar plates. 4. State and define the three types of growth that may be seen in a broth culture. 5. State three basic shapes of bacteria. 6. State and describe the different arrangements of cocci. 7. What is the difference between true motility and Brownian motion?