Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) Exotoxins are only released as the bacteria that produced them start to die Some exotoxins are superantigens Toxic effect may be against organs distant from the site of infection Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the virulence of a pathogen? The concentration microbes in the host cell wall toxins enzymes All of the above contribute to the virulence of a pathogen

The attachment of a pathogen to host cells requires that  Group of answer choices pathogen adhesins bind specifically to host glycoproteins. host antibodies attach to the pathogen adhesins. the resident microbiota be unbalanced. pathogen toxins enter the cell by endocytosis.

How do innate cells recognize pathogens? flagellin PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns) all answers are correct LPS

In polymicrobial pulmonary infection, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia secretes a compound which activates an ARG in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is an example of: - Exposure protection - Gene Mutation - Protection mediated by interspecies communication - Vulnerability due to cross feeding

Which best represents a chemical mediator that inhibits pathogen invasion?keratin antibacterial soap  resident microbiota serum sebum cilia

Stomach acid has a pH of approximately 1 which is very strong. This kills most microbes that reach the stomach. This is the ___ line of defense.     chemical     physical     mechanical     cell mediated

Pasteur injected the material from the spinal cord of a rabbit that died of rabies into a young boy who had been bitten by a rabid dog. The material stopped the infection by attaching to the rabies virions so they could not cause disease. What type of immunity was given to the boy?     natural active     natural passive     artificial active     artificial passive

Which of the following can be pathogens? (choose all that apply) Viruses Protists Parasitic worms Fungi Bacteria

You might expect that lysozyme, the protective mechanism included in mammalian tears would protect against which of the following potential pathogens: Each other answer is correct ("all of the above") Archaea Microbial Eukaryotes Bacteria