All of the following are methods intracellular pathogens can use to survive inside a host cell EXCEPT create a capsule. Escape the phagosome. survive in the phagolysosome. prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion.

Q: All of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT:   1.…

A: Correct answer is.. None of the other four answers (all are examples of how pathogens penetrate host…

Q: Which is an example of chemotaxis? the movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus the…

A: In biological terms, chemotaxis can be defined as the movement of the cells towards the chemicals…

Q: Explain the role of LPS in pathogenesis

A: Pathogenesis refers to the chain of even that lead to the development of a disease. Pathogenesis…

Q: Describe the major anatomical and biochemical barriers to infection?

A: Infection refers to the invasion and multiplication of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses,…

Q: Describe the barriers to entry that keep pathogens out of the body.

A: The immune system protects the body from worms, germs, and different agents of which get damage the…

Q: From the standpoint of defending the human body, why would it be beneficial for the cells that line…

A: Toll-like (TLR's) receptors are present in the cell membrane, which plays an important role in the…

Q: Emil has fallen and scratched a wound on his knee. After a while, the knee swells and aches at the…

A: The entire activity of the immune system in tackling infection is depicted in the figure given.

Q: Pathogens must enter host cells to cause disease. Explain why or why not.

A: A pathogen can be defined as the organism which has the potential to cause disease to other…

Q: Describe several components of pathogens that are involved inmicrobial adhesion.

A: Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or…

Q: A 55-year-old male was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after experiencing complications…

A: Autoimmune diseases are known to cause serious havoc in patients leading to trigger a myriad of…

Q: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a special class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with…

A: innate system of immunity is the first defense of the body . anti microbial peptides are part of the…

Q: portal of entry opportunistic Infection morbidity pathogen healthcare-associated infection virulence…

A: Introduction: Pathogens and disease-causing microbes are omnipresent. Many of the pathogens enter…

Q: Suppose a patient is suffered by fever with inflammation.  What will be the biomarkers to detect…

A: Inflammation It is a local defensive mechanism to the tissue damage to limit the spread of injurious…

Q: does a cell know that it has been invaded?

A: Introduction :- The cell is life's fundamental structural and functional unit. Every cell has a…

Q: Explain the two main features that characterize the third line of host defense mechanisms.

A: Introduction: The immune system is a complex network of immune cells and proteins that work together…

Q: Describe the role of non-specific macrophages in preventing infection

A: The immune system of the body protects the organisms from the harmful pathogen. Pathogens are the…

Q: Immunohistochemistry is routinely used to determine specificity and identification of disease.…

A: Immunohistochemistry is a immunostaining process in which antigens in the cells are identified by…

Q: does a cell know that it has been invaded?

A: The role of identification of invasion of a cell is done by Immune cell. All cells do not behave as…

Q: Explain an electron micrograph of a phagocyte engulfing bacteria.

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: All of the following are methods intracellular pathogens can use to survive inside a host eell…

A: Pathogens are the organisms which upon entering in to the  host causes infectious diseases.

Q: Explain the mononuclear phagocyte system in detail.

A: The human body has a highly specialized immune system that is responsible for alerting the body…

Q: Explain how modified secretory pathways in bacteria can lead to increased virulence and…

A: Pathogenic bacteria use a number of methods to attack host cells. It can severely damage host tissue…

Q: Which of the following steps are part of the processing of antigen by immune cells? Select all that…

A: Antigen processing It is also called the cytosolic pathway. It i.s an immunological process which…

Q: Which is an example of chemotaxis? the attachment of phagocytes to a microorganism by binding to…

A: Introduction  A reaction that takes place within an organism with the goal of protecting it from…

Q: Describe some factors that weaken host defenses and increase susceptibility to infection.

A: Introduction   We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…

Q: The attachment of a pathogen to host cells requires that  Group of answer choices pathogen adhesins…

A: The establishment of pathogen at the portal of entry is known as colonization. Pathogens colonize…

Q: All plaques contain a clonal population of phage. True or false

A: What is the clonal population of phage - A clonal population is a group of individuals which do not…

Q: Microbial recognition and tissue damage initiate an inflammatory response.  True/False

A: The body is protected from the invasion of foreign antigen by several layers of immune defense…

Q: Describe the mechanisms by which circulating phagocytic cellsare recruited to a site of infection.

A: Phagocytosis is a process by which the cell engulfs the antigen by using its plasma membrane.

Q: • Put the name each stages of phagocytosis in the picture below:

A: Phagocytosis is a special type of cellular process that is used for ingestion and eliminating…

Q: Give an example of preventing infection for each element of the infection chain ?

A: Infection It is the process of interaction that occurs between pathogens and susceptible host. There…

Q: How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis gain access through that preferred portal of entry Explain how…

A: Microbes, which are tiny and nearly invisible, have had a huge influence on society since the…

Q: Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes…

A: Streptococcus pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis…

Q: Drag the labels to correctly relate host cells to the defense processes they carry out. Active in…

A: White blood cells or WBCs are responsible for giving protection against any foreign particles.…

Q: How do host immune systems recognize microbial invasion? You can focus on a Gram (-) bacterial…

A: The immune system is a complicated system consisting of organs, cells, and proteins which safeguards…

Q: phagocytic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns using their:  Group of answer…

A: Pattern recognition receptors(PRR) These are class of transmembrane toll like receptors(TLRs) found…

Q: Describe how antiviral agents act against infection.

A: A drug is any chemical substance that alters the physiology or psychology of an organism when eaten.…

Q: Toll-like receptors represent an ancient pathogen-recognition system. The first pattern recognition…

A: The recent advancement of science has led to the discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.