Which is NOT an example of a population bottleneck: A) The Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event B) Human activies that produce antibiotic resistant straings (i.e. choosing not to take the full does of prescribed antibiotics) C) The Amish in the United States who, due to inbreeding, are at higher risk for genetic diseases D) All of the above are examples of a population bottleneck

As we saw last week, population size is important. Ideally, this means you started with a lot of genetically diverse founders, but of course that isn’t always the case. In the case of the Española Galapagos tortoises it was 12 females and 2 males. So, often you have to grow your population to stabilize it and ensure there isn’t an unacceptable loss of genetic diversity over time, even if that genetic diversity is low. If you think back to the math from last week and do a little not so fancy algebra, you can see that genetic deterioration occurs at a rate that is the inverse of genetic retention, which you probably remember is  1- (1/2Ne) Assume that the Española Galapagos tortoise captive population started with an Ne/N ratio of 0.7. Calculate their rate of loss of genetic diversity given their original population size of 14 tortoises (N=14). You will first need to solve for Ne, then plug Ne into the rate of loss of genetic diversity formula. Now let’s work on growing the population.…

Crickets have colonized each island in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Geological data indicates that Kauai is the oldest island in the chain and Hawaii is the youngest. Researchers hypothesized that crickets sequentially colonized islands as they rose out of the ocean and created a cladogram based on molecular relationships to test this idea.  3) Which islands unambiguously show multiple independent colonization events?  4) How many colonization events were there on each of the islands showing multiple events?

Gene flow can have one effect in the context of a single population, and a different effect in the context of two populations that were recently isolated from one another. Describe with specificity the effect that gene flow has a) on a single population, as well as b) on two populations that were recently isolated from one another.

Discuss, using relevant examples, the following factors that affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and thus shape diversity in a population: i) Natural selection, ii) Genetic drift; and iii) Migration

Can you explain which answer is accurate and why it's the correct choice?

a)Can alpha diversity value go above 1? b) if you want to compare diversity between Jubilee College state park and Nachusa grassland what is diversity concept will be used? (Alpha, beta, gamma diversity)

An island population of frogs carries a rare allele at a frequency of 0.1. This same allele is present on the mainland at a frequency of 0.4. If the migration rate from the mainland to the island occurs at a rate of m = 0.2, what is the expected frequency of this rare allele on the island after the influx of immigrants?A) 0.0 < q < 0.2B) 0.2 < q < 0.4C) 0.4 < q < 0.6D) 0.6 < q < 0.8E) 0.8 < q < 1.0

A scientist is interested in the ability of a small population of fish endemic to the streams of Mauna Kea in Hawaii to evade predators. She notices that some fish within the population are black (BB or Bb), while a smaller subset seems to have an albino mutation and are white (bb). She observed the population and through sampling quantified the number of fish that were black or white, and the population size. These results are listed below. Observations: a. Population size = 5,000 fish total b. Black Fish: 72% c. White Fish: 28% Calculate the following: Remember to use the algorithm described with the sample questions in the introduction to the lab manual. Please round answers to the nearest hundreth (0.00 format) a. Frequency of homozygote dominant fish b. Frequency of heterozygote fish c. Frequency of the B allele  d. Frequency of the b allele  e. Number of fish who are heterozygotes in the population f. Number of B alleles in the populatio

Panthers are also susceptible to a respiratory infection [feline calicivirus].  Individuals in a population, who are homozygous dominant or heterozygous for genes encoding parasite or pathogen resistance, are more likely to resist an infection or parasite.  Currently, population estimates of the Florida panther range from 100 – 160 individuals.  Let’s assume that the population equals 160.  During a particularly bad calicivirus outbreak,   40 Florida panthers die as a result of the infection.  Using this information, answer the following questions utilizing the Hardy – Weinberg equation when necessary.     What is the most likely genotype of the affected panthers that died from the respiratory infection? Use the letter “A” for your symbol.         2. What percentage of the population is most likely resistant to the calicivirus infection?