which DNA binds to recipient cell at receptor site.?

Q: How does an intracellular receptor regulate gene expression in the cell? Describe briefly what…

A: Intracellular receptors found inside the cell. Typically in the nucleus and cytoplasm. They are…

Q: What are pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs)?

A: Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are proteins capable of recognizing molecules frequently found…

Q: Why is the differentiation of oocytes a great model for studying protein localization?

A: Protein localization is a process in which proteins gets accumulated in any particular location to…

Q: Which of the following can be answered by immunohistochemistry? Select all that apply. a. Whether…

A: Few important points : Immunohistochemistry is basically a localization of known antigen in tissue…

Q: c. What would be the consequence for an "a" cell that experienced an inactivating mutation in the…

A: A mutation is a change in the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's genome, virus genome, or…

Q: What is the three-dimensional structure of GPCRs? How does the structure of these receptors…

A: GPCR means G-protein coupled receptors. These proteins are found on the cell surface and act as…

Q: Part of the Ras protein is associated with the plasma membrane, and part extends into the cytoplasm.…

A: Ras are a family of small GTPases that are involved in signal transduction part of the cell…

Q: Do many cells express more than one of the four types of receptors? Explain why?

A: Receptors are proteins that may be present inside the cell [intracellular receptors] or on the cell…

Q: Which answer correctly shows a signal transduction pathway? GPCR -> Active Gq -> Active…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: What cellular response is activated in response to a large number of misfolded proteins?

A: Protein misfolding and aggregation is one among the many problems that cause neurodegenerative…

Q: Define the term target cell?

A: Cells are the smallest basic and fundamental units of life and so are also referred to as the…

Q: What are cytokinins?Where are they made?

A: Cytokinins are a class of plant growth hormones that promote cell division and the rapid growth and…

Q: How is the signal generated by binding of TGF-β to cell-surface receptors transmitted to the…

A: TGF-β is a cytokine of the transforming growth factor family of signaling molecules with multiple…

Q: What purpose do scaffolding proteins serve in binding to Map kinase enzymes?

A: Introduction :- MAPKs are serine/threonine kinases that activate a variety of cytoplasmic and…

Q: what general features may make the C3b receptor suitable for binding C3b but not other ligands?

A: Complement C3b factor coats a bacterium and binds to C3b receptors on phagocytosis making the…

Q: What would happen if the intracellular domain of a cellsurface receptor was switched with the domain…

A: Chemical signals are released by signalling cells in the form of small, usually volatile or soluble…

Q: Which of the enzymatic fragments are able to bind antigen?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  IMMUNE SYSTEM  It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: What would happen if the retinoblastoma protein wasn't able to bind to the E2F transcription factor?

A: The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a tumor suppressor protein that helps to prevent excessive cell…

Q: Pattern Reduced gene Displays recognition Cytokines expression protein synthesis PAMPS receptors…

A: An antigen is any molecule that stimulates an immune response. So PAMPs Ara type of antigen that may…

Q: How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK similar? How doesinitiation of signal transduction…

A: A hormone receptor is a molecule that binds to its specified hormone. Hormone receptors are a…

Q: Is Drosophila Toll protein a receptor that binds PAMPs?

A: Drosophila are belong to the group of Drosophilidae. The drosophila is belonged to the insect group…

Q: Which components of the phosphoinositide signaling system are soluble and which are associated with…

A: The phosphoinositide signaling (PSS) system works by the activation of the phospholipase (PLC)…

Q: What are the pathways for cytokinin synthesis

A: Introduction:-  Cytokinins are a group of plant hormones that induce cytokinesis in plant roots and…

Q: How are targeting and fusionproteins such as SNAREs regulated,so that they can be returned to…

A: The fusion of a transport vesicle with its target involve two types first it must recognise the…

Q: In B cells, what mechanism ensures that only rearranged V genes are transcribed?

A: A gene (from genos (Greek) which means generation or birth or sex) is a basic unit of heredity and a…

Q: What is G-proteincoupled receptors?

A: G-protein can be defined as a neutral tight binding protein that acts as a molecular switch inside…

Q: Define Transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptors?

A: Transmembrane receptors are the proteins embedded in the cell membrane that are involved in the…

Q: Why Somatic Hyper Mutation takes place in B-Cells only and not in T-Cells?

A: Mechanism by which the immune system adapts to new foreign elements during class switching involving…

Q: What is cGMP-dependent protein kinase?

A: A chemical process or chemical reaction is the formation of new substances ( product) from reactant…

Q: What is the target cell response to decreased ligand concentration?

A: A ligand is often a chemical that establishes a bond with a biomolecule to produce a biological…

Q: What is Drosophila Mhc gene ?

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: Describe serine-threonine membrane receptor.

A: Receptors are part of the sensory system; they help receive messages from other neurons and respond…

Q: Which control antibody can differentiate between plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane?

A: Antibody or the immunoglobin are the proteins secreted by plasms cells of the immune system. It is…

Q: how does covid19 affect the systems of the body.. for example, nervous system, excretory system,…

A: The coronavirus disease (COVID 19) is caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute…

Q: How do cadherins, IgSF members, and selectins differ at the molecular level in the way they mediate…

A: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a sub-set of cell adhesion proteins present on the cell surface.…

Q: How do interleukins exert its therapeutic benefits inside the body By inhibiting tumor growth and…

A: There are two types of immunity: innate immunity and adaptive immunity.  The immunity that is…

Q: Describe some intracellular host macromolecules that may be bound by steroid molecules to prevent an…

A: A biological system called the immune system is in charge of identifying and eliminating foreign…

Q: What is a HL7 conformance statement, or what are HL7 messages?

A: Nowadays the healthcare technologies have been improved in many ways. The health care workers can…

Q: What is the largest family of cell surface receptors (>1% of the human genome)?

A: Cell surface receptors are transmembrane proteins embedded into the plasma membrane which play an…

Q: a. What is specific about the ACE2 receptor that makes it easy for the spike protein to bind to it?

A: The coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is an emerging disease spreading all over the world. It is…

Q: What are the functions of Cell signaling proteins?

A: Introduction: Cells use chemical signals to communicate with one another and with other cells and…

Q: Why is CRP measured when inflammation is suspected?

A: CRP stands for C-reactive protein, this protein is produced by the liver and it is classified as an…

Q: Identify some PAMPs that are recognized by PRRs.Which cells express PRRs? How do PRRs associate…

A: PAMPs is the short form for pathogen-associated molecular patterns. PRRs is the short-form for…

Q: How do RER and SER differ from one another in terms of structure and function? List the processes in…

A: A cell is the basic key of life that is capable of performing all the functions of life and also…

Q: Define the term recruitment receptors?

A: Receptors are proteins which are usually surface cell receptors get binded to ligands and cause…

Q: When a signal ligand binds to the extracellular portion of the RTK receptor, in the MAP kinase…

A: A receptor is a protein which binds to a specific molecule. The molecule it binds is known as the…

Q: What is known as Src phosphorylates ZBP1 ?

A: Introduction: The localization of beta-actin messenger RNA to the sites of active actin…

Q: e_M02. Enumerate and explain the different types of hypersensitivity reactions. Give 2 examples…

A: Hypersensitive reactions are immunogenic responses that have been generated in the human body which…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.