When various strains of λ phage are seeded on a lawn of E. coli, they can form clear or turbid plaques.       (b) For mutant λ phages that can only form clear plaques, give two different types of mutation in the phage that can explain the clear plaque phenotype.

Q: After lambda infects a cell, how does it decide to create a lysogen? Name the major cis and trans…

A: Lambda Phage is a bacteriophage that primarily infects E. coli bacteria. It has a complex life cycle…

Q: Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the…

A: Bacteriophages frequently transition between the lytic and lysogenic states. The two gene regulatory…

Q: We transformed E coli cells with a plasmid modified to contain a ‘virulence factor’ which would…

A: A virulance factor is a characteristic or molecule possessed by a microorganisms such as bacteria…

Q: When a temperate phage infects a bacteria cell it O immediately undergoes the temperate lifecycle. O…

A: Phages can be either virulent or temperate. Lytic cycle is used for replication by virulent phage.…

Q: Isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause disease only if they carry a lysogenic bacteriophage…

A: Diphtheria is mostly caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is a gram-positive rod-shaped…

Q: The success of HAART (highly active antiretrovial therapy) against HIV is based on the idea that the…

A: Step 1: Understand the ProblemTo determine the effectiveness of the treatment regimen against Virus…

Q: The RNA transcript of a region of T4 phage DNA contains the sequence 5’-AAAUGAGGA-3'. This sequence…

A: The bacteriophage T4 encodes 10 proteins, which are collectively known as the replisome, that are…

Q: Usually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration.…

A: Normally, bacteria regulate the synthesis of tryptophan through the trp operon. When tryptophan…

Q: What is a transducing phage?

A: Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into the cell by a suitable virus or…

Q: All of the following apply to Luria and Delbruck’s 1943 study of mutation rates in E. Coli and T1…

A: The Luria-Delbruck Experiment ---This experiment performed in 1943  demonstrate that in bacteria…

Q: Several common antibiotics affect some strains of bacteria's ability to carry out transcription…

A: Transcription is a heterocatalytic action of DNA by means of which RNA is synthesized from specific…

Q: The success of HAART (highly active antiretrovial therapy) against HIV is based on the idea that the…

A: The objective of the question is to determine the minimum number of drugs needed to effectively…

Q: The following are lambda phage gene deletions. What lambda lifestyle will result from each deletion?…

A: Lambda phage is a enterobacteria phage that is responsible for E.coli infection   It has a double…

Q: The clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is like a bacterial…

A:

Q: Which of the following statements is not applicable to conjugation? A) OF factors are transferrable…

A: Bacteria are single-celled microbes. These organisms are capable of exchanging inheritable material…

Q: A plasmid that can replicate in E. coli and Pseudomonas is most likely a/ana) broad host range…

A: Microbes are organisms that are visible under the microscope only. Bacteria are the most common…

Q: What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages? In the lysogenic…

A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that are known to infect the bacteria. Once virus enters inside the…

Q: To understand the genes responsible for growth and infectivity in a disease-causing bacterial…

A: Site directed mutagenesis is technique in which Dna is altered and the altered gene product is used…

Q: Inhibiting the reverse transcriptase of HIV is a common method for treating HIV infections. a) The…

A: HIV is an RNA virus which has reverse transcriptase enzyme that can convert the RNA to DNA.

Q: In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, which of the fol-lowing is true?(a) Lysogeny is the term…

A: Answer- Viruses are the infectious particles that act as living organisms when present inside the…

Q: Ahmed had isolated bacteria from the sputum of a patient that seemed somewhat resistant to their…

A: The phage-resistant bacteria may develop with time just like the antibiotic-resistant bacteria.…

Q: E. coli

A: Bacterial Strain LE392 is used for both genomic and cDNA cloning. LE392 lacks the E. coli K…

Q: The mechanism of specialized transduction relies on the improper excision of a bacteriophage genome…

A: Gene transfer is the method of inserting genetic material (DNA or a gene of interest) into cells…

Q: What is the toxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 that was encode by phage as a consequence of lysogenic…

A: E. coli is a gram-negative bacillus and some of its strains have evolved into pathogens. One of…

Q: Where is the F plasmid located in an Hfr cell? Where is the F plasmid located in an F+ cell?

A: Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that differ from multicellular organisms in composition…

Q: Plasmids are important for recombining DNA.   B.) What are the requirments of an expression…

A: Plasmids: They are small, circular, double-stranded DNA naturally occurring in bacterias and some…

Q: a) Name structures P, Q and R.  b) Name substance S . c) What is the enzyme encoded by gene I.…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: Which of the statements about bacteriophage is FALSE:   a)  specialized transduction is a low…

A: A bacteriophage, sometimes referred to as a phage colloquially, is a duplodnaviria virus that…

Q: E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host…

A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA molecule. It encodes information for the…

Q: Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?

A: Phages are viruses that have bacterial cells as their host.

Q: . In order for a phage to infect the host bacterium, it is preferred that the cell wall is newly…

A: In order for a phage to infect the host bacterium, it is preferred that the cell wall is newly…

Q: Please explain how alternative gene expression is mediated by a recombination process in Salmonella?…

A: Gene expression is the method by that info from a gene is used within the synthesis of a functional…

Q: Requires contact between donor and recipient cells. [ Choose Commonly involves F factor [ Choose…

A: The answers for the above mentioned questions is given in step 2.

Q: phage can be "induced" as a result of DNA damage. Consequences o induction include O Temperate…

A: Viruses that infect bacterial cells are called bacteriophages. Very similar to animal viruses, these…

Q: In an experiment, scientists grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive phosphorus (32P). The…

A: Bacteriophage, also called phage or bacterial virus, any of a group of viruses that infect bacteria.…

Q: What is pGLO plasmid? How has it been engineered so that the cells that carry it can be detected?…

A: The examination of genes and inheritance, or how specific characteristics or traits are transferred…

Q: As described in Figure, host DNA is hydrolyzed into smallpieces, which are occasionally assembled…

A: Mutation is the sudden heritable changes in the genetic material. This results in the loss of…

Q: Under what circumstances can E. coli cause disease and what delivers the gene/plasmid?

A: E.coli or Escherichia coli  is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium. It is…

Q: solated bacteria from the sputum of a patient that seemed somewhat resistant to their antibiotic ce…

A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacteria which attacks the lungs and cause the disease tuberculosis.…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.