When food is digested, it passes through the alimentary canal, or the gastrointestinal tract, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus. As it travels it gets broken down into smaller and smaller macromolecules until they are small enough to be absorbed into the lining of the GI tract. What cells would you not expect
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When food is digested, it passes through the alimentary canal, or the gastrointestinal tract, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus. As it travels it gets broken down into smaller and smaller macromolecules until they are small enough to be absorbed into the lining of the GI tract. What cells would you not expect to find in the lining of the GI tract?
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- Some of the intestinal epithelial cells, called goblet cells, contain small globules of mucus. Why are there cells in the small intestine that produce mucus?Which is a correct statement about the Na+/K+ transporter (pump), and its cytology and cellular role? It is found the basal side of intestinal epithelial cells, pumping Na+ out of the cell into the blood. It is found on the plasma membrane of neurons, pumping Na+ into axons from the blood. It is found on the membrane of the lysosome, pumping K+ into the lumen of the lysosome. It is found on the apical side of intestinal epithelia, pumping K+ into the lumen of the intestine.Mr. Johnson has a gallstone (a stone) that completely obstructs the normal flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Explain how the digestion of carbohydrates (polysaccharides and disaccharides), lipids (triglycerides), proteins, and nucleic acids would be affected throughout the digestive tract, starting in the mouth and ending in the microvilli of the cells in the small intestine. Make one paragraph per molecule.
- Put the following terms in their correct order from the simplest to the most complex. Skin cell, Integumentary system , Epithelial tissue, Stem cell , Skin, Organism The stomach produces hydrochloric acid which increases the acidity of the stomach to digest the food. However, the small intestine are not damaged by strongly acidic food coming from the stomach. How does our body avoids damaging the small intestine with this strongly acidic food passes out of the stomach?The stomach has two types of exocrine secretory cells: chief cells that secrete an inactive form of a protein-digesting enzyme, pepsinogen parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which activates pepsinogen Both these cell types have an abundance of mitochondria for ATP production - the chief cells for the energy needed needed to synthesize pepsinogen, the parietal cells for the energy needed to transport H+ and Cl- from the blood into the stomach lumen. But only one of these cell types also has an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant Golgi stacks. Explain which cell type would have extensive rough ER and Golgi stacks and why. Also explain which cell type would not have as extensive a rough ER and Golgi stacks and why.Crohn disease causes inflammatory reactions that damage the lining of the intestines. In areas where attacks are occurring, the inflammation can cause damage to the entire lining, so that the contents of the lumen of the intestine are exposed to, for example, the peritoneal cavity. Describe the layers that this inflammation would need to penetrate in order to damage the entire wall of the intestine. Inflammation begins at the epithelial lining.
- The smooth muscle cells are arranged in two different ways in intestinal wall. Explain the significance of two different arrangements of smooth muscle cells in intestinal wall i.e. how these arrangements relate to the function.A general principle of physiology is that structure is a determinant of—and has coevolved with—function. One example highlighted in this chapter is the large surface area provided by the villous and microvillous structure of the cells lining the small intestineWill a fat cell have a more or less developed rough endoplasmic reticulum than a pancreatic cell? Why?
- åre some shapes cells can have that will have a larger surface area than a sphere? To help you answer this, research INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM and look at the microvilli on these cells that line your intestines. Make sure you understand how these unusual structures help the intestinal 6) Within the cell there are several structures that create surface area by having layers of folded a epithelium do its job. Click or tap here to enter text. O Within the cell there are several structures that create surface area by having layers of folded membrane. Which structures (like organelles) within the cell have large amounts of surface area Click or tap here to enter text. 7) Glucose is a chemical that is fulfills a wide range of functions within organisms. The story of glucose begins with a series or reactions collectively known as photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, water and energy from light are the inputs required for photosynthesis. How many carbon dioxide molecules are required to produce one…Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/sintestine) that depicts the structure of the small intestine, and, in particular, the villi. Epithelial cells continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients and transport thesenutrients to the lymphatic and circulatory systems. In the small intestine, the products of food digestion are absorbed by different structures in the villi. Which structure absorbs and transports fats?When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?