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Risk and return
Before understanding the concept of Risk and Return in Financial Management, understanding the two-concept Risk and return individually is necessary.
Capital Asset Pricing Model
Capital asset pricing model, also known as CAPM, shows the relationship between the expected return of the investment and the market at risk. This concept is basically used particularly in the case of stocks or shares. It is also used across finance for pricing assets that have higher risk identity and for evaluating the expected returns for the assets given the risk of those assets and also the cost of capital.
Suppose a firm offers an equity-linked security. The face value is $1 million and its payoff is based on any appreciation in an equity index currently at 855.50. It has determined that of the $1 million raised, it can structure the option component so that its value is $135,000. Currently an at-the- money call option is worth $125. What percentage of the gain in the index can it offer?
A. 92%
B. 23%
C. 100%
D. 50%
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 2 images
- A European call that will expire in one year is currently trading for $3. Assume the risk-free rate (based on continuous compounding) is 5%, the underlying stock price is $60 and the strike price is $55. a. Is there an arbitrage opportunity? b. Describe exactly what a trader should do to take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity assuming it exists. c. Determine the present value of the profit that the trader can earn assuming you identify an arbitrage opportunity. Use at least four decimal places for those questions that require a numerical answer.5. Suppose the one-year futures price on a stock-index portfolio is 1218, the stock index currently is 1200, the one-year risk-free interest rate is 3%, and the ybar-end dividend that will be paid on a $1,200 investment in the index portfolio is $15. a. By how much is the contract mispriced? b. Formulate a zero-net-investment arbitrage portfolio and show that you can lock in riskless profits equal to the futures mispricing. Assume a zero bid-ask spread in security and futures transactions. Now assume that if you short sell the stocks in the index portfolio, the proceeds are kept with the broker, and you do not receive any interest income of the funds. Is there still an arbitrage opportunity (assuming that you don't already own the shares in the index)? d. Given the short sale rules, what is the no-arbitrage band for the stock-futures price relationship? Specifically, how high and how low can the futures price be without giving rise to arbitrage opportunities. C.Suppose the following for European options: Stock price $94 3-month call options with strike price $97 3-month put option with strike price $98 1-year risk-free rate is 3%. The put option is trading ot $5 and there is an identical call option that is trading for $4. The arbitrage gain that can be made is equal to: O a. $2.00 b. $0.27 Oc. $3.00 O d. $1.27 O e $227
- 2 Question II: The S&R index spot price is 1100, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the continuous dividend yield on the index is 2%. (a) Suppose you observe a 6-month forward price of 1120. What arbitrage would you undertake? (b) Suppose you observe a 6-month forward price of 1110. What arbitrage would you undertake?Suppose the 180-day S&P 500 futures price is 1,404.98, while the cash price is 1,390.2. What is the implied dividend yield on the S&P 500 if the risk free interest rate is 3.5 percent? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the "%" sign in your response.) Implied dividend %Question 5: A call option on a stock that expires in a year has a strike price of $99. The current stock price is $100 and the one-year risk free interest rate is 10%. The price of this call is $6. a) Is arbitrage possible? What is the arbitrage position? b) do you het this minimum? Find the minimum arbitrage profit for this strategy. When
- Suppose the European call and put options with strike price $20 and maturity date in 1 month cost $2.0 and $1.0, respectively. The underlying stock price is $18 and the risk-free continuously compounded interest rate is 8%. (a) Is there an arbitrage opportunity? (b)If yes, how would you implement arbitrage opportunity?Required: The market price of a security is $56. Its expected rate of return is 12%. The risk-free rate is 5%, and the market risk premium is 9%. What will the market price of the security be if its beta doubles (and all other variables remain unchanged)? Assume the stock is expected to pay a constant dividend in perpetuity. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) > Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Market price $ 36.37 X3. Consider a non-dividend paying stock whose initial stock price is 62 and has a log- volatility of σ = 0.20. The interest rate r = 10%, compounded monthly. Consider a 5-month option with a strike price of 60 in which after exactly 3 months the purchaser may declare this option a (European) call or put option. Assume u = 1.05943 and d = = 0.94390 (a) Compute the values of the binomial lattice for 5 1 month period. 0 1 2 3 4 5 62 (b) Compute the appropriate risk-free rate. (c) Find the risk-neutral probability p of going up? (d) Find the values of call option and put option along this lattice: 0 5.85 1 2 3 4 5 call option 0 1 2 3 4 5 1.40 put option
- Suppose that an American put option with a strike price of $155.5 and maturity of 12.0 months costs $11.0. The underlying stock price equals 143. The continuously compounded risk-free rate is 6.5 percent per year. What is the potential arbitrage profit from buying a put option on one share of stock? O 12.401 1.5 no arbitrage profit available 11.943 1.6783Question I: Suppose the S&R index is 800, the continuously compounded risk-free rate is 5%, and the dividend yield is 0%. A 1-year 815-strike European call costs $75 and a 1-year 815-strike European put costs $45. Consider the strategy of buying the stock, selling the 815-strike call, and buying the 815-strike put. (a) What is the rate of return on this position held until the expiration of the options? (b) What is the arbitrage implied by your answer to (a)? (c) What difference between the call and put prices would eliminate arbitrage? (d) What difference between the call and put prices eliminates arbitrage for strike prices of $780, $800, $820, and $840?Suppose the 1-year futures price on a stock-index portfolio is 1,914, the stock index currently is 1,900, the 1-year risk-free interest rate is 3%, and the year-end dividend that will be paid on a $1,900 investment in the market index portfolio is $40.a. By how much is the contract mispriced?b. Formulate a zero-net-investment arbitrage portfolio and show that you can lock in riskless profits equal to the futures mispricing.c. Now assume (as is true for small investors) that if you short sell the stocks in the market index, the proceeds of the short sale are kept with the broker, and you do not receive any interest income on the funds. Is there still an arbitrage opportunity (assuming that you don’t already own the shares in the index)? Explain.d. Given the short-sale rules, what is the no-arbitrage band for the stock-futures price relation-ship? That is, given a stock index of 1,900, how high and how low can the futures price be without giving rise to arbitrage opportunities?