What major movements of ions account for each phase of the action potential of a typical myocardial cell?

Q: 106 Depolarization (phase 0) of cardiac pacemaker cells is slower than that of ventricular myocytes…

A: Electrochemical potential gradient across the cellular membrane enables the cardiac cells to…

Q: What roles does Ca2+ play in the myocardium ?

A: Calcium is usually found in a variety of foods, including fishes, some vegetables, dairy products…

Q: 'Which of the following ions is not directly involved in the myocardiocyte action potential? copper…

A: The myocardiocyte action potenital is found in the heart cells.

Q: Compare action potential of pacemaker and non-pacemaker (working) myocardial cells?

A: Cell can be defined as the basic membrane-bound unit which contains the fundamental molecules of…

Q: What is the mechanism behind the action potentials in the pacemaker cells?

A: A random, propagating, transitory and fast change of the muscle or nerve cell's resting membrane…

Q: The mother of a three-month-old infant was concerned because her child had little energy and did not…

A: The cardiovascular system is a crucial component of the circulatory system in humans (which is often…

Q: As a result of ventricular depolarization (T wave), calcium ions are returned to the sarcoplasmic…

A: T wave on ECG denotes ventricular repolarisation or relaxation. It occurs after the QRS segment…

Q: Describe the action potential of an autorhythmic cell in the heart. a) Indicate how the opening and…

A: Answer 1- the opening and closing of each ion channel affects the membrane potential of the cell can…

Q: Another disease slows the rate of production of cAMP in both contractile and pacemaker cardiac…

A: There are three different kinds of muscle tissues in vertebrates: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,…

Q: Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or…

A: Impulse conduction occurs by the depolarization that results into action potential. It is initiated…

Q: 29. 30. State the significance of the longer action potential in a cardiac CONTRACTILE cell. State…

A: The myocardial contractile cells comprise the mass amount of the cells in the atria and ventricles.…

Q: The muscle cells of a heart chamber work as a  functional syncytium.  In terms of heart function…

A: The heart is a meso-dermally derived organs. The walls of heart are made up of cardiac muscles.…

Q: list in sequence the components of the elctrical conducting system of the human heart

A: A pump of muscle tissue consists of a heart and a supply of energy and oxygen is required for the…

Q: How does each ECG wave, interval, and segment relate to contraction (systole) and relaxation…

A: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to measure the regularity of heartbeats and also the size and…

Q: Why is the rate of cardiac muscle relaxation faster when a positive inotropic agent is present?

A: Inotropic agents refer to those substances that either increase or decrease the force of contraction…

Q: since he has hypertension, what would you do to remove the salt from the fish? (Answer with one…

A: Hypertension is a condition where the blood exerts greater than normal pressure (120/80 mmHg) over…

Q: Describe why a doctor would give a patient that is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction the…

A: Myocardial infarction is referred to as tissue death of heart muscle or heart attack it occurs when…

Q: Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or…

A: Cardiac action potential  It refers to the short alteration in the voltage i.e. membrane potential…

Q: Parasympathetic stimulation also increases the delay between atrial and ventricular contractions.…

A: In physiology, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the stimulation of…

Q: Compare and contrast the action potential of a myocardial conductive cell and the action potential…

A: The cardiac muscle comprises two types of cells: myocardial contractile cells and myocardial…

Q: What are the two functional importances of the intercalated discs of cardiac muscle?

A: The intercalated discs are a specific feature of cardiac muscle fiber where it supports synchronized…

Q: In a cardiac contractile cell what is the mechanism involved in the change in membrane potential?…

A: The cardiac contractile cell undergoes various changes in order to perform several activities and…

Q: Discuss in details the unique structure  of  a  cardiac muscle  fiber

A: The heart is a smooth muscle organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Oxygenated blood collected…

Q: Compare and contrast the action potential of a myocardial conductive cell and the action potential…

A: Myocardial conductive cell: [action potential] The conductive cells within the heart establish the…

Q: Describe the structure of intercalated discs in cardiac musclecells, and briefly discuss their…

A: Cardiac muscle tissues are tissues of the heart and help to provide strength and flexibility from…

Q: n the calculation of the heart rate using the number 300 method in the ECG, where did the number 300…

A: The cardiovascular system can be thought of as the transport system of the body. It consists of…

Q: Detail action potential of myocardial conduction and contractile cells – see stages. Include all ion…

A: An action potential is characterized as a drastic shift of the resting membrane potential that is…

Q: Describe the conditions at the sarcolemma of cardiac muscle cells at rest.

A: They are connected by intercalated discs. These are striated fibres with a single nuclei. Sarcolemma…

Q: What is the most characteristic feature of a wandering pacemaker rhythm?

A: The Heart is a vital part of the body, it supplies the blood to the various body part, organs. It is…

Q: How does the depolarization of pacemaker cells differfrom the depolarization of other cardiac cells?…

A: Anatomy and physiology are the branches of biology, anatomy deals with the study of the structure of…

Q: A general principle of physiology states that information flow between cells, tissues, and organs is…

A: Introduction: Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems are all interconnected and share a common…

Q: How does electricity flow from SA node to the myocardium?

A: A sinoatrial node is a cell grouping known as the heart's natural pacemaker that is present in the…

Q: a) A consequence of the Frank-Starling law of the heart is that the outputs of the right and left…

A: The heart is an organ that is responsible for the pumping of blood to the body. The blood pumped by…

Q: The rapid depolarization phase of heart pacemaker cells is caused by which of the following?…

A: Introduction: A cardiac action potential is a brief change in voltage across the cell membrane of a…

Q: ct cause of blood clotting in the left atrium of the heart during atrial fibrillation (AF) is not…

A: An irregular often rapid heart rate that causes poor blood flow called atrial fibrillation. Upper…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.