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What is the role of RhoA gene in the development of the Neural crest and neural connectivity?
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- What is formed from neural crest cells?What are the molecular mechanisms that can decide which neural crest cells come to express these signals at the correct time and in the correct form of presentation?Are these leading neural crest cells expressing membrane receptors orsecreting diffusible proteins that instruct the growing neuron to extend its axon in the direction of the neural crest cell?
- Describe the dorsolateral and ventrolateral migration of trunk neural crest cells. Provide details as to the timing of the migration, pathways taken, eventual fate, and location of the neural crest cells that follow each pathway or portion of the pathways. Include a simple drawing that depicts both pathways .What initiates the directionality of neural tube closure?We know quite a bit about Notch/Delta and Hes gene oscillations during embryonic development. What do oscillations of these genes in the adult neural stem cell niche actually look like? How do these oscillations result in the progression from stem cell to neuron?
- What are the “traffic signs” in the environment that provide guidance cues for neural crest cells to colonize their target tissues?Describe the effects of FGF and RA on each other in limb bud development. Give a specific example of their effects on each other in this capacity. Knowing this, propose a question/hypothesis to investigate the mechanism of how a specific morphogen controls pattern if you know that the morphogen is both necessary and sufficient AND is expressed in the correct spatial/temporal frame.Describe the migration and fates of neural crest cells.
- Lateral inhibition and induction are key processes in embryonic development. Discuss two different signalling pathways involved in these processes,Discuss, Why is the neural crest sometimes thought of as the fourth germ layer of the body?Differential Hox gene expression along the anterior-posterior axis in the trunk sets up a prepattern of tissue identities that includes the limb field location, but what mechanisms are then triggered to initiate limb bud formation?