What is the Reynolds number and flow regime at the beginning and at the end of the pipe? If the surface temperature of the pipe can be assumed to be constant at 15°C in this section, what is the average convection coefficient of the ammonia flow?
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- air is flowing inside of a pipe with radius=0.4 meters at a mass velocity of 29.4 kg/s*m2 at 322 K, with the walls of the pipe at 300 K. At the conditions of the experiment, the viscosity of air is 1.984 x 10-5 Pa*s, the density of air is 1.22 kg/m3, the heat capacity is 1 kJ/kg*K, and the thermal conductivity is 0.025 W/m*K. Determine the rate of heat loss by air per meter of duct.Air at 1 atm and 20 C flows in a 2.5-cm-diameter tube. The maximum velocity (m/s) of air to keep the flow laminar isHot air at 1 bar and 80 degree Celcius enters a 8 m long uninsulated square duct of cross-section 20 cm x 20 cm that passes through the attic of a house at a rate of 150 L/s. The duct is observed to be constant surface temperature of 60 degrees Celcius. Determine (a) air film coefficient (b) the exit temperature of air (c) logarithmic mean temperature difference (d) the rate of heat loss from the duct to the attic space. From Table A-18, for air gives, density, ρ = 1.009 kg/m^3thermal conductivity, k = 0.0297 W/m degree celciusviscosity, v = 2.06 x 10^-5 m^2/sspecific heat, Cp = 1008 J/kg degree celciusPrandtl no., Pr = 0.706
- During air cooling of oranges, grapefruit, andtangelos, the heat transfer coefficient for combined convection,radiation, and evaporation for air velocities of0.11 < V < 0.33 m/s is determined experimentally and isexpressed as h = 5.05 kair Re1/3/D, where the diameter Dis the characteristic length. Oranges are cooled by refrigeratedair at 5°C and 1 atm at a velocity of 0.3 m/s. Determine(a) the initial rate of heat transfer from a 7-cm-diameterorange initially at 15°C with a thermal conductivity of0.50 W/m·K, (b) the value of the initial temperature gradientinside the orange at the surface, and (c) the value of theNusselt number.Air at atmospheric pressure and 27°C enters a 12-m-long, 1.5-cm-ID tube with a mass flow rateof 0.1 kg/s. The tube surface is maintained at a uniform temperature of 90°C. Calculate the average heattransfer coefficient and the rate of heat transfer to the air.Geothermal steam at 165°C condenses in the shell side of a heat exchanger over the tubes through which water flows. Water enters the 4-cm-diameter, 14-m-long tubes at 20°C at a rate of 0.8 kg/s. Determine the exit temperature of water and the rate of condensation of geothermal steam.
- b) A 0.4-W cylindrical electronic component shown in Figure Q3b with diameter 0.3 cm and length 1.8 cm is mounted on a circuit board is cooled by air flowing across it at a velocity of 150 m/min and temperature is 40 °C. Take the pressure of air 1 atm and the film temperature to be 50 °C, determine the surface temperature of the component. Resistor 0.4 W D= 0.3 cm Figure Q3bHow is volume flow rate different than velocity? What happens to volume flow rate in areas where fluid pressure is high?Oil at 20°C is flowing through a vertical glass funnel that consists of a 20-cm-high cylindrical reservoir and a 1-cm-diameter, 40-cm-high pipe. The funnel is always maintained full by the addition of oil from a tank. assuming (a) the diameter of the pipe is tripled and (b) the length of the pipe is tripled while the diameter is maintained the same., determine the flow rate of oil through the funnel and calculate the “funnel effectiveness,” which is defined as the ratio of the actual flow rate through the funnel to the maximum flow rate for the “frictionless” case.
- Consider a fluid with a Prandtl number of 7 flowing through a smooth circular tube. Using the Colburn, Petukhov, and Gnielinski equations, determine the Nusselt numbers for Reynolds numbers at 3500, 104, and 5 * 105. Compare and discuss the results.One house owner with a pond on his property has decided to use the pond water to cool his house. His idea is to flow air through a thin smooth 10-cm-diameter copper tube that could be submerged into the pond. The water in the pond, at few meters below the surface is typically maintained at a constant temperature of 15°C. If he assumes the air (~1 atm) entering the copper tube at a mean temperature of 30°C with an average velocity of 2.5 m/s, determine the necessary copper tube length that would be needed so that the outlet mean temperature of the air is 20°C. You may consider the convection heat transfer coefficient of 1000 W/m2·K on the outer surface of the copper tube, between the pond water and copper tube. Since the copper tube is thin, the conduction resistance of the tube wall may be neglected.The Reynolds number can be viewed as the ratio of (a) Drag force/Dynamic force (b) Buoyancy force/Viscous force (c) Wall friction force/Viscous force (d) Inertial force/Gravitational force (e) Inertial force/Viscous force