What is the relationship between the sickle cell mutation and the Plasmodium parasite? Would having the HbSA genotype still be advantageous in a region where such parasites are not common? Why or why not?

Is the blue genera (alpha coronaviruses) monophyletic in the "spike" protein phylogeny? What about the "envelope" protein phylogeny?

Infected surgical lesions are often examples of nosocomial infections. What is a nosocomial infection? Why are nosocomial infections so dangerous?

If viruses are not living, how come they adapt to their environment, replicate and cause infection?In the time of Covid-19 pandemic, explain how social distancing works to control the spread of viruses?

Hox genes are activated in specific regions of the body (e.g. back of the head) and activate other genes to build specific structures in those regions.  This was largely discovered by looking at the effects of mutants of the various hox genes.  What other technique would provide information on the action of hox genes? Group of answer choices A. copy hox genes and place them in bacteria B. copy hox genes and place them in plants C. completely remove all hox genes from the genome D. change the control of hox genes so that they are expressed in different body regions E. reverse the order of the hox genes on the chromosome

Scientists often see that organisms with similar genetics are susceptible to being infected by similar viruses. This diagram shows genetic relationships between five species of rabbits. A particular virus commonly infects Sylvilagus bachmani.   Using the diagram, determine which other species would MOST LIKELY be at risk for infection by this virus? Question options:   Lepus callotis   Lepus insularis   Sylvilagus aquaticus   Sylvilagus audubonii

Malaria  Where did the disease originate? What impact did it have on the individuals  living in the effected areas? How was the disease spread? How did individuals combat the disease? What reforms were initiated after the event? Your research must contain one location in the U.S. or Colonial America that experienced an outbreak.

Answer the following:  A- What type of human cells does the malerial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, infect?  B.- Why are there higher frequencies of the sickle cell allele in areas where malaria is prevalent?

A group of environmentalists is studying the effects of recent commercial zoning to wildlife acreage on the biodiversity of a rural county. The group noted a steady decline in the population of animals, while bacteria and other protists remained constant. Which statement best discusses the reasons for the steady decline of animals as opposed to the protists? A. Bacterial growth is usually not affected by environmental changes because of asexual reproduction. B. The animals could not adapt to the new environment. C. Bacteria lived in areas that were not affected by the zoning D. The animals became susceptible to human and environmental harm.

What is the Red Queen Dynamic?  Using the snail example, explain why different parasite and host genotypes are expected to oscillate in frequency?  Why would this favor sexual reproduction or outcrossing?