Consider two different proteins that are leaving from the Golgi in order to arrive in their common destination, a lysosome. In order for these two different proteins to be sent to the same place, what should they have in common? A) They must have the same primary structure B) They must have been imported into the cell by endocytosis. C) They must have the same tertiary structure D) They probably have the same glycosylation pattern.

Q: What is Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ?

A: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a single membrane bound organelle. It consists of a network of closed…

Q: What TWO factors keep integral trans-membrane proteins embedded firmly within the lipid bilayer?

A: Membrane proteins carry out several important functions of membranes. They impart characteristic…

Q: How are plasmodesmata and gap junctions similar? How are they dissimilar? Would you expect a…

A: Plasmodesmata are channels between two adjacent plant cells.These are present in the cell wall of…

Q: Why are lysosomes known as “the cleaners” of the cell waste?

A: The cells are the basic structural and fundamental unit of the living system. it consist of many…

Q: How does a pluripotent cell differ from a unipotent or totipotent cell?

A: Stem cells are reserve cells that can be differentiated into more specialized cells by mitosis. Stem…

Q: Why doesn’t the cell “clean up” the faulty lysosomes?

A: Lysosome is membrane bound organelle which encloses enzyme responsible for the breakdown of complex…

Q: In protein synthesis, modification and transport, what will be the correct order of organelles…

A: Protein synthesis is a process by which protein molecules are made, used in cell structure and…

Q: Compare and contrast lysosomes with peroxisomes:name at least two similarities and one difference

A: The peroxisome does not involve in ATP. It is the organelle surrounded by the membrane. Peroxisomes…

Q: What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A: Disclaimer: As there are many questions which have been posted, only the first question will be…

Q: What is transpeptidation and why is it important to both the celland to clinical medicine?

A: A peptide is a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain in which the…

Q: What is the function of lysosome?

A: Lysosomes are spherical sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down a wide range of…

Q: In protein synthesis, modification and transport, what will be the correct order of organelles…

A: Modification and transport step is very important in the protein synthesis. For this there are many…

Q: What are the four components for the translocation of protein across endoplasmic reticulum? and…

A: Protein translocation is a process where proteins move between cellular components. It can occur…

Q: In what ways are spliceosomes and ribosomes similar? In what ways are they different? Can you…

A: Spliceosomes and ribosomes are ribonucleoproteins consisting of both RNA molecules and proteins.…

Q: In the presence of low levels of GTP, microtubules inside a cell will undergo ------------- due to…

A: Microtubule: it is formed by polymerisation of two subunits i.e. alpha and beta-tubulin.

Q: What are the three general destinations for proteins that leave the Golgi complex?

A: Answer- The formation of protein in the cell is called Translation process. It happens by the mRNA…

Q: from what protein are microtubules formed ?

A: The cytoskeleton is defined as a system or set of filaments present in the eukaryotic cell's…

Q: What is required for formation of lysosomes ?

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Both prokaryotic and…

Q: What is the shape of Lysosomes?

A: Step 1 Lysosomes are single membrane-bound small vesicular organelles rich in acid hydrolases. They…

Q: what are three proteins that are abundantly present in ECM( Extracellular matrix)?

A: Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the three-dimensional network of macro molecules, which provide…

Q: What is the confines of a membrane-bounded lysosome?

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. An organism may be unicellular or prokaryotic. For example,…

Q: What is the structural and functional difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A: Rough ERs have ribosomes on their surfaces and contain vast quantities of proteins for export.…

Q: That a single microtubule can accommodate motors moving in both directions, or not? That all of…

A: Microtubules are the major constituents of cytoskeleton that are found in all the eukaryotic cells.…

Q: Define ribosome

A: A ribosome is a complex molecular machine located within living cells that produce proteins from…

Q: What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A: The endoplasmic reticulum is found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for the synthesis,…

Q: What is single cell protein? What is its significance?

A: Single-cell protein refers to the crude a refined, or edible protein extracted from pure microbial…

Q: Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins is needed for phagocytosis, amoeboid movements,…

A: Introduction:- Cytoskeleton means the skeletal system present in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell…

Q: How does the structure of the Golgi complex allow it to carry out its functions?

A: Golgi complex is a membrane-bound organelle present in eukaryotic cells.

Q: What is an analogy for a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A: Introduction In this question we will discuss about the analogy for the smooth endoplasmic…

Q: Cell-cell recognition occurs because _____ is secreted from the cell and is attached to the external…

A: Cell to cell recognition ,it is a process which give rise to particular response. It is best way by…

Q: What causes the decreased pH in the endosomes and lysosome?

A: Endosomes and lysosomes are the two types of organelles present in cell. A cell is the basic…

Q: What does lysosome contain?

A: Lysosomes are membrane bound cell organelles present in eukaryotic animal cells.They are spherical…

Q: . In the early days of ribosome research, before the exact role of ribo- somes was clear, a…

A: (a) The particles 100S and 130S denote the dimers or trimers of the 70S ribosome subparts. It is…

Q: In the early days of ribosome research, before the exact role of ribosomes was clear, a researcher…

A: Ribosomes : Ribosomes are the sites at which information carried in the genetic code converted into…

Q: What would happen to the cytoskeleton if you replaced all of the normal GTP in cells with a chemical…

A: In the cytoskeleton, microtubules, which are the polymers of alpha- and beta-tubulin, are seen. They…

Q: which part of the endoplasmic reticulum has proteins made inside it?

A: Endoplasmic recticulm is the cell organelle which is present in almost all cells . They have…

Q: Draw a hydropathy plot and a 2D protein cartoon for a protein that passes through the lipid bilayer…

A: Based on the polarities of the side chains of amino acids they can be arranged in a hydrophobicity…

Q: What is the energy source that powers the cotranslational movement of proteins across the…

A: Proteins synthesized by membrane bound ribosomes translocate the ER membrane co-translationally.…

Q: If Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, can Prokaryotic cells perform the same…

A: Prokaryotes are those organism which are without any membrane bound organelle. The genetic material…

Q: Why is the structure of the plasma membrane considered to be a fluid-mosaic model?

A: Plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane is the outermost layer of the cell that separates…

Q: the protein you are making is one that is not destined to be secreted into the extracellular space,…

A: In a eukaryotic cell, all protein translation begins in the cytoplasm (except for a few proteins…

Q: Describe the following as seen under the compound microscope. Cell membrane Mitochondria Golgi…

A: A compound microscope uses many lenses to provide an enhanced image of a sample. It helps in viewing…

Q: What are the major elements of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and what are their properties? Which of…

A: The eukaryotic cytoplasm contains a set of long thin fibres called the cytoskeleton. The cytoskelton…

Q: What are ribosomes made of? Do ribosomes carry information to specify the amino acid sequence of…

A: All cells use replication, transcription, and translation to keep track of their genetic material…

Q: If you want to engineer a cytoplasmic protein to become a peroxisomal protein, which of the…

A: The targetting of protein into different cell organelle is depends on specific sequence present in…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.