Which of the following is a contrast in genetics organization between COVID19’s RNA & human DNA a) RNA coils to form a helix bending along the nuclear envelope while DNA condenses to form chromatin b) RNA stabilizes its structure using nucleoproteins while human DNA uses histones  c) RNA uses host cell replication machinery to proliferate while DNA does not  d) RNA is shorter since it codes for 5 genes instead of 20,000 genes like in DNA  e) RNA consists of ribonucleic acids whereas DNA consists of deoxyribose nucleic acids

Which of the following statements is false? a) the bacterial chromosome is usually circular b) the bacterial chromosome has a single origin of replication c) the bacterial chromosome consists of a single molecule of DNA d) plasmids are small DNA molecules that occur in bacteria but are not essential - for normal function. e) Most bacterial genomes consist of fewer than 1,000 genes

If you were to hybridize a eukaryotic gene to its corresponding mRNA, the two molecules would not perfectly align. Why would it not? A) Exons contained in the gene have been removed from the mRNA via splicing.B) RNA polymerase adds introns to the mRNAC) Introns contained in the gene have been removed from the mRNA via splicing.D) RNA polymerase adds exons to the mRNA

*Has either 1 or 2 correct answers*

Which of the following is the primary function of RNA molecule? A) transmit genetic information to offspring B) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity C) function in the synthesis of proteins D) act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA

1.  Two closely related species may have a very similar genome size but very different number of a)nucleosomes B)mitochondrial chromosomes C)nucleoli D)chromosomes 2. What is required for RNA polymerase to be able to dissociate from transcription factors and start transcribing the DNA? A)acetylation of histones B)methylation of the DNA that will be transcribed C)phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase tail D)phosphorylation of transcription factors

The following is a sample primary RNA transcript. What must first occur before it can be translated? Exon 1 - Intron 1 - Intron 2 - Exon 2 - Intron 3 i) Exons need to be removed ii) Introns need to be removed iii) Poly A tail needs to be added to the 3' end iv) Poly A tail needs to be added to the 5' end v) 5' cap needs to be added O i, i, iv O i, iv, v ii, iii, v O ii, v

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introns: A)are parts of the new strand replaced with DNA nucleotides during replication B)Are joined together with other introns to make the mature mRNA C)are found in prokaryotic cells D)are binding sites for repressors; therefore introns are involved in controlling gene expression E)do not contain codons or information about proteins; they are removed from the mRNA during splicing/editing of mRNA

Bacteria exposed to viruses incorporate sections of the virus’s DNA into the CRISPR array sequences in their genome. This mechanism allows bacteria to fight off the viruses, like an immune response: the information in CRISPR spacers served as “coordinates” for recognizing and cutting up invading DNA sequences. Describe what might happen under the conditions described after a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and releases its DNA into the bacterial cell.   Explain why: 1. The invading phage DNA is recognized by the Cas proteins but not inserted into the CRISPR array region of the bacterial genome: The bacteria will be unable to elicit an immune response and will succumb to the phase infection 2. The cas genes on the bacterial genome contains a missense mutation that increases its cleavage/cut activityThe bacteria will elicit an immune response that will successfully fight the phage infection