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What is the difference between infection and disease? Name one example to help illustrate the difference in these terms
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- Select all of the following that applies to the tradeoff between transmission and virulence that applies to many diseases. a) The tradeoff between transmission and virulence means that diseases always evolve to become more virulent. b) If greater virulence limits transmission, that disease will likely evolve to become less virulent than it could be. c) While making more copies of itself can increase the likelihood of transmission occurring, too much replication of the disease can make the host so sick it won't leave the house and spread the disease. d) A strain of a disease that replicates enough to be transmitted, but not so much that the host gets too sick to move, will be favored by natural selection over strains that either make the host too sick or do not replicate enough to be transmitted. e) If a disease can spread without making its host sick (e.g. when the host is asymptomatic), then the tradeoff between transmission and virulence…What do you mean by contagious disease? use your own words to explain?Why is it helpful for scientists to use models to simulate the spread of a communicable disease?
- Choose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread. A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera. B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following: 1. Identification of a) the pathogen, b) the reservoir c) means of transmission d) the susceptible host 2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention. 3. Include references and relevant data.What is an Infection? Give examplesThree methods have been used to try to eliminate malaria. One is to eliminate the mosquito vectors of the parasite, a second is to kill the parasites after they have entered the human body, and the third is to develop a vaccine against the parasite, allowing the human immune system to provide protection from the disease. Which do you suppose is the most promising in the long run? Why? Think about both the biology of the disease and the efficacy of carrying out each of the methods on a large scale .
- Give an example of preventing infection for each element of the infection chain ?Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. RhinovirusName an organism that can cause a disease in each of the three systems we have most recently discussed (Skin/eyes, respiratory, nervous). What is the disease it can cause for each system?
- What are the immune responses to viral infections? What is the difference between epidemic and pandemic? The “Spanish Flu” in 1918 was caused by the H1N1 influenza virus. What do the “H” and “N” stand for?Below are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)Which is a method of transmitting pathogens from one host to another by carrying microorganisms inside the body and hosting their survival until transmission has occurred? Give to two disease-specific examples.