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what is the conditions for a laser to be totally lunched
into the fiber optic.
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- A low-power laser used in a physics lab might have apower of 0.50 mW and a beam diameter of 3.0 mm. Calculate (a) the average light intensity of the laser beam, and(b) compare it to the intensity of a lightbulb producing100-W light viewed from 2.0 m.Assume that you want to bounce a laser beam off the Moon. Assume the laser beam is TEM9,0 and that the Moon is a distance of 3.8 · 10$ meters from Earth. Calculate the following. (a) Assume that the initial beam waist of a CO, laser running on the 10.6 µm line is 15 cm. How large is the beam waist when the beam hits the Moon? What is the radius of curvature? (b) Assume that the initial beam waist of a CO, laser running on the 10.6 µm line is 1.5 meters. How large is the beam waist when the beam hits the Moon? What is the radius of curvature? (c) Repeat part (a) for an excimer laser operating at 254.0 nm; use the same beam waist. |(d) Repeat part (b) for an excimer laser operating at 254.0 nm; use the same beam waist. (e) From your answers to parts (a-d), speculate on what kind of laser and what type of associated optical system you would want to use in order to optimally bounce a laser beam off the Moon.each pulse produced by an argon-fluoride excimer laser used in PRK and LASIK ophthalmic surgery lasts only 10.0ns but delivers an energy of 2.50mJ. (a) what is the power produced during each pulse? (b) if the beam has a diameter of 0.850mm, what is the average instenisty of the beam during each pulse? (c) if the laser emits 55 pulses per second, what is the average power it generates?
- What should be the average power of a laser, strong enough to cause a dielectric breakdown of air (which requires a peak electric field of 3x106 V/m), if focused to a spot of 0.85 mm diameter?American physicists Davisson and Germer did a diffraction experiment in the1920s to demonstrate the wave-like property of electrons. If d is 0.215 nm for a cubiclattice crystal (see Fig. 1), and the incident beam is perpendicular to the surface of thecrystal,(a) find the optical path length difference between ray 1 and ray 2 in terms of dand φ.(b) how much voltage has to be applied to a beam of electrons so the diffractionpeak would be observed at φ = 53.13°?(b) Discuss the Laue method for X-ray diffraction to evaluate the crystal structure and write its advantages over the other methods..
- (a) What are X-rays? Differentiate between characteristic (monochromatic) and continuous X-rays. What are Laue equations for diffraction of X-rays by a crystalline solid? Show that the Bragg's equation is a special case of the Laue equations.A mode-locked laser has a Gaussian pulse width of 100fs. If the center wavelength is 800nm what is the bandwidth assuming the pulses are transform limited (in nm)?Estimate the angular spread of a laser beam due todiffraction if the beam emerges through a 3.0-mm-diametermirror. Assume that λ = 694nm What would be the diameter of this beam if it struck (a) a satellite 340 km above the Earth, or (b) the Moon?
- (a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm wavelength He-Ne laser beam that is originally 1.00 mm in diameter? (b) If this laser is aimed at a mountain cliff 15.0 km away, how big will the illuminated spot be? (c) How big a spot would be illuminated on the Moon, neglecting atmospheric effects? (This might be done to hit a corner reflector to measure the round-trip time and, hence, distance.)(material science question) The unit cell dimension of fcc copper is 0.36 nm. Calculate the longest wavelength of X-rays which will produce diffraction from the (100), (110) and (111) planes. Which of these are missing orders? From what planes would X-rays of wavelength 0.5 nm be diffracted?The circumference diameter of the laser system is 0.3 mm and the distance between the two mirrors is 1.2 m. Calculate R, w, e 1:47 /
