What is the chemical formula for lead (VI) oxide? What is the chemical formula for tin (III) sulfide? Which of the following statements is true about ionic bonding?

Explain the difference between a nonpolar covalent bond, a polar covalent bond, and an ionic bond.

a. How many sticks did you need to make the skeleton structure?____________ b. How many sticks are left over? ____________ If your model is to obey the octet rule, each ball must have four sticks in it except for hydrogen atom balls, which need and can only have one. Each atom in an octet rule species is surrounded by four pairs of electrons. c. How many holes remain to be filled? ____________ Fill them with the remaining sticks, which represent nonbonding electron pairs. Draw the complete Lewis structure for NH2Cl using lines for bonds and pairs of dots for nonbonding electrons.

Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.

Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas react violently to form water. When this occurs, a very loud noise is heard. Draw the Lewis structures for hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water. State whether each molecule is polar or nonpolar and why. Explain how the polarity of these molecules is related to hydrogen and oxygen existing in the gas phase at room temperature and water existing in the liquid phase at room temperature. Which is lower in energy for this reaction a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases or water? How do you know this is true?

Use the simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16MolecPolarity) to perform the following exercises for a two-atom molecule: (a) Adjust the electronegativity value so the bond dipole is pointing toward B. Then determine what the electronegativity values must be to switch the dipole so that it points toward A. (b) With a partial positive charge on A, turn on the electric field and describe what happens. (c) With a small partial negative charge on A, turn on the electric field and describe what happens. (d) Reset all, and then with a large partial negative charge on A, turn on the electric field and describe what happens.

Why does the octet rule not apply to transition metals?  a. the octet rule does apply to transition metals as they are all classified as metals b. transition metals do not form cations or anions c. most transition elements form ions with more than one positive charge d. transition elements cannot be assigned with charges to form ions What do you call the process of positive and negative ions of an ionic compound separating from each other when solubilized in water? a. dissociation b. solubilization c. differentiation d. precipitation Which of the following statements is considered true? a. The size of an atom is determined by the size of the outermost occupied orbital b. Higher ionization energy means that the electron is more difficult to remove c. both are correct d. both are incorrect

Electronegativity is the ability of an element to pull electrons towards itself in a bond. In a bond, the atom with the greater electronegativity will have a partial charge, and the atom with the lower electronegativity will have a partial charge. Fluorine has the higher/lower electronegativity and Francium has the higher/lower electronegativity. Metals like to gain/lose electrons, while nonmetals like to gain/lose electrons. Thus, metals have a electronegativity, while nonmetals have a electronegativity. a. negative b. positive c. lower d. higher e. lose f. gain g. the same h. none of these

Part II: Binary Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds are produces by nonmetals bonding with one another. You can use the valence electrons for each element to determine the simplest formula that exists between two elements. For example, H has 1 valence electron and needs one more to obey the Octet Rule, so it will only make 1 bond when found in a compound. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and needs two more to obey the Octet Rule, so it typically makes 2 bonds when found in a compound. Since hydrogen needs just one electron while oxygen needs two, the correct formula for the simplest compound would be H20. However, there are often other combinations possible in addition to the simplest formula. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can also form, H2O2, which is known as hydrogen peroxide. To work with all the possible combinations, some rules have been developed for naming binary covalent compounds. The rules are stated below: 1. The least metallic element will always end in the suffix…

Electronegativity 1. How does electronegativity change as you move from left to right across a period? Explain your answer in terms of the number of protons in the nucleus. 2. Are there any exceptions to the trend in electronegativity as we move from left to right across a period? If so, explain what the exception is and why you think this occurs. 3. How does electronegativity change as you move from top to bottom in a group? Explain your answer in terms of energy levels. SnkPad