Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305264434
Author: Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Chapter 13, Problem 4ASA
a. How many sticks did you need to make the skeleton structure?____________
b. How many sticks are left over? ____________
If your model is to obey the octet rule, each ball must have four sticks in it (except for hydrogen atom balls, which need and can only have one). (Each atom in an octet rule species is surrounded by four pairs of electrons.)
c. How many holes remain to be filled? ____________
Fill them with the remaining sticks, which represent nonbonding electron pairs. Draw the complete Lewis structure for
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Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.
The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are
equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation.
a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have
the same energy and number of particles.
b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate,
show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann
distribution.
macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3
ε/k (K) Populations
Populations
Populations
300
5
3
4
200
7
9
8
100
15
17
16
0
33
31
32
DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1
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Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
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