What is the biochemical rationale for the use of creatine? It would serve as an electron donor to support reductive biosyntheses required to sustain cellular function. It would promote the movement of ions through ion channels and thus power the synthesis of ATP during exercise. It would be converted into creatine phosphate and thus serve as a rapid means of replenishing ATP during muscle contraction. It would directly serve as an electron carrier to support the oxidation of fuel molecules and thus energy production. What type of exercise would benefit most from creatine supplementation? a long-distance run a leisurely walk yoga sprinting

What is the biochemical rationale for the use of creatine? It would serve as an electron donor to support reductive biosyntheses required to sustain cellular function. It would promote the movement of ions through ion channels and thus power the synthesis of ATP during exercise. It would be converted into creatine phosphate and thus serve as a rapid means of replenishing ATP during muscle contraction. It would directly serve as an electron carrier to support the oxidation of fuel molecules and thus energy production. What type of exercise would benefit most from creatine supplementation? a long-distance run a leisurely walk yoga sprinting

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy...

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Skeletal muscle can store energy in the form of phosphocreatine, which is able to regenerate ATP. In relation to this, answer all of the following: (Show all your work for each part) a) Use your knowledge of bioenergentics to show why this statement is true. b) What is K¢eq for the overall reaction? c) Drawbiochemicalstructuresfortheoverallreaction. d) If the steady-state concentrations of phosphocreatine and creatine in a myocyte (muscle cell) are 1 uM and 129 uM, respectively, what will be the ratio of [ATP]/[ADP], assuming the creatine kinase reaction is at equilibrium?
ATP Synthase is known to catalyze the synthesis of ATP with a ΔG°’ close to zero, and a Keq' close to. Why is the value of ΔG°’ different from the known value which is 30.5 kJ/mol (the energy for the reverse of ATP hydrolysis)? If the Keq' value is close to one, how is it ensured that the reaction is driven to the product side and more ATP is obtained?
Just how much free energy is released via the passage of enough hydrogen ions through the ATP synthetase (F0F1 complex) to turn the gamma subunit (attached to the cam) TWO full 360 degrees revolutions? (0) (7) (14) (21) (42) (>42) kilocalories/mole. All choices are considered to be negative delta Gs. Briefly explain
A plant breeder has developed a new frost-resistant variety of tomato that contains higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids than those found in standard tomato varieties. However, when temperatures climb above 95°F, this frost-resistant variety dies, whereas the standard variety continues to grow. Provide a likely explanation of the biochemical basis of increased tolerance to cold and increased susceptibility to heat of this new tomato variety.
The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2 kJ mol-1 of energy input. It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP mediated by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. {a) Given that the change in Gibbs energy for the hydrolysis of ATP corresponds to ΔG = -31 kJ mol-1, under the conditions prevailing in a typical cell , can the hydrolysis drive the formation of glutamine? (b) What amount {in moles) of ATP must be hydrolysed to form 1 mol glutamine? (c) Suppose that the radius of a typical cell is 10 μm and that inside it 106 ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of the cell in watts per cubic metre (1W = 1 Js- 1)? (d) A computer battery delivers about 15 Wand has a volume of 100 cm3 Which has the greater power density, the biological cell or the battery?
If a reaction has a ΔG°′ value of at least −30.5 kJ · mol−1, suffi -cient to drive the synthesis of ATP (ΔG°′ = 30.5 kJ · mol−1), can it still drive the synthesis of ATP in vivo when its ΔG is only −10 kJ · mol−1? Explain.
In another key reaction in glycolysis, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)is isomerized into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP): Because ΔG°′ is positive, the equilibrium lies to the left.(a) Calculate the equilibrium constant and the equilibrium fraction of GAPfrom the above, at 37 °C.(b) In the cell, depletion of GAP makes the reaction proceed. What will ΔGbe if the concentration of GAP is always kept at 1/100 of the concentrationof DHAP?
The regulation of 1-phosphofructokinase occurs primarily by allosteric effectors, including ATP and ADP. Given that phosphofructokinase activity is necessary for glycolysis to proceed, predict what effect ATP would have. How about ADP?
When a vertebrate dies, its muscles stiffen as they are deprived of ATP, a state called rigor mortis. Using your knowledge of the catalytic cycle ofmyosin in muscle contraction, explain the molecular basis of the rigor state.
If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the electrontransport chain ceases to operate. Why?
The malate–aspartate shuttle yields about2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why doesnature use the glycerol–phosphate shuttle, which yields only about1.5 moles of ATP?
Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. Consider that ADP is five times more abundant than AMP. a. Calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. b. Calculate ∆G' for ATP hydrolysis under these conditions (∆G0' for ATP hydrolysis is -32.2 kJ/mol) The energy charge is defined as ( [ATP] + 1/2 [ADP] ) / ( [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP] )