What is plasminogen activator?

Q: What would happen to the red blood cells of a patient who was treated with 10% saline?

A: Red blood cells are the most common erythrocytes or blood cells in the circulatory system. It helps…

Q: Describe the structure and function of each of the following cell types 1. Basophils 2. Neutrophils…

A: White blood cells are differentiated into granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes are granular…

Q: What is the molecular basis for red blood cell hemolysis that cause the cells to lyse?

A: Red blood cells or erythrocytes are present in the blood to transport oxygen to all the body…

Q: Explain the use of tPAs (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

A: Ischemic stroke is an acute and fatal condition in which a clot obstructs the vessel carrying…

Q: Briefly explain the differences between F+, F−, Hfr, and F′ cells.

A: In bacteria, genes are transferred by conjugation process in which a donor cell transfers genetic…

Q: What are light-harvesting complexes (LHCs)?

A: Introduction  Chloroplast is a kind of plastid which is filled with chlorophyll pigment. This…

Q: Name The Two-immuno Diffusion Techniques?

A: The Immuno-diffusion technique utilizes diffusion of the reactants to form the precipitate on the…

Q: HPLC requires a pump to move the mobile phase through the stationary phase. What is the driving…

A: Chromatography is a physical separation process that divides components into two phases, one…

Q: How can chemotaxis be measured quantitatively?

A: The response to a chemical stimulus is more precisely known as the chemotaxis. It is widely…

Q: What is chemotaxis?

A: Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. This kind of movement…

Q: What is the function of COP II in cells?

A: Membrane trafficking causes the movement of various macromolecules, enclosed in membrane-bound…

Q: What is the importance of emigration, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis in fighting bacterial invaders?

A: Inflammatory responses can be defined as a complex sequence of events induced by tissue damage by…

Q: Discuss the concept of microwave fixation and cryofixation, and why it is suitable for…

A: Microwave fixation and cryofixation are the bilogical techniques which are used for stabilising th⁶e…

Q: Explain the use of tPAs (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

A: Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is associated with the breakdown of blood clots present in the…

Q: What are cytokinins?Where are they made?

A: Cytokinins are a class of plant growth hormones that promote cell division and the rapid growth and…

Q: Which of the IgG subclasses is most efficient at activating complement?

A: Immunoglobulins, otherwise called antibodies, are glycoprotein particles created by plasma cells.…

Q: How does thrombin catalyze the formation of loose fibrin and help in the activation of factor XIII?

A: In physiology, factor XIII is defined as the "firing stabilizing factor" which is known as zymogen…

Q: 59. Host Defenses. Which part of IgG will bind to antigen?

A: Antibodies bind to the antigen by a lock and key way to the antigens. IgG antibody represents 75% of…

Q: What are hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs)?

A: Haemtopoeisis Production of all types of blood cells including formation, development and…

Q: what are the Haptens, MHC 1 and 2, and APCs?

A: Haptens are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when they are attached to a large…

Q: What does the presence of drumstick on the nucleus of a neutrophil indicate?

A: neutrophils are the important part of white blood cells and they help in warding off the infections.

Q: Can coagulogen made medicine?

A: Coagulin is a gel-forming protein of hemolymph that obstructs the spread of intruders by…

Q: Please explain the major regulatory checkpoints in necrosis signaling pathways?

A: In multicellular life forms, cell death is a basic and dynamic interaction that keeps up with tissue…

Q: What is lysogenic conversion?

A: The virus affecting bacteria is a bacteriophage. It comprises the lytic or the lysogenic cycle.

Q: Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency LAD is an inherited disease which results in the inability of…

A: The complement system, additionally called complement cascade, could be a part of the system that…

Q: Which control antibody can differentiate between plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane?

A: Antibody or the immunoglobin are the proteins secreted by plasms cells of the immune system. It is…

Q: What are the similarities and differences between hemolysins and leukocidins

A: Similarities These toxins produce pour and holes in cell membranes which cause leakage of sidle…

Q: Why is adaptation during chemotaxis important?

A: Chemotaxis refers to the migration of an organism in response to any chemical stimulus. Bacteria,…

Q: Explain the structure of basophils?

A: Basophils are a type of WBCs (white blood cells). They are the least common type of the…

Q: what are CXCL10 and CCL2. what role do they play?

A: Chemokines are the family of small cytokines, also known as signaling proteins that are secreted by…

Q: What are the materials transported and what is the cell membrane structure involved in Phagocytosis?

A: Phagocytosis is a cellular process for engulfing particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter.

Q: What is apoptosis and how is it utilized as a quality control mechanism in cellular and humoral…

A: Q  What is apoptosis and how is it utilized as a quality control mechanism in cellular and humoral…

Q: Based on your understanding of genetic code,explain the formation of any abnormal hemoglobin…

A: Amino acid can be defined as the organic compound having an amine and carboxyl functional groups and…

Q: Explain how alcohol inhibits SARS-CoV-2?

A: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease. Most common…

Q: What is an Hfr cell? How does it differ from F-, F+, and F-? What is the definition of an…

A: The bacterial cells carrying the F plasmid are called F+ and those lacking the F plasmid are called…

Q: What is Opsonin?

A: A group of organs that utilize an immune response to defend the body against external substances or…

Q: Describe the structure of Basophils?

A: Basophils are least abundant (0.5-1%) of the total WBCs. In these cells the nucleus is generally…

Q: Explain What are Nod factors and what do they do?

A: Nod factors (NFs) are basically lipochitooligosaccharide molecules discharged by rhizobia, which are…

Q: What is Cotransduction frequency?

A: Transduction is a process of genetic recombination in bacteria wherein a virus serves as a vector of…

Q: What cells release histamine during allergic responses?

A: Hypersensitivity refers to immune response, induced by repeated antigen exposure, that results in…

Q: Explain the significance of opsonization.

A: Optimization is the process by which our body target pathogens by opsonin proteins like C3b . These…

Q: What kinds of cells are associated with the antibodydirected immune response, and how do they work?

A: The immune system is a defensive system in a host consisting of widely distributed cells, tissues…

Q: How does the TH1 response differ from the TH2 response?

A: The body's response to substances that it perceives to be dangerous or foreign. Antigens (typically…

Q: What type of WBCs are involved in a cell-mediated immune response? In an antibody-mediated immune…

A: Blood is mainly composed of plasma and blood cells or corpuscles. The blood corpuscles suspended in…

Q: Describe the structure of immunoglobulin and the functions of the Fab and Fc portions.

A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous microbes is known as immunity.…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.