what is duverger's law and how dose it help to explain the two-party system in the us?

Note:Hand written solution should be avoided.

Match the definition to each term listed below. Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Definition A table that shows the payoffs each firm earns from every combination of firm strategies An agreement among firms to charge the same price or otherwise not to compete An option that is better than any alternative option regardless of what the other firm does An outcome of a strategic game from which neither rival wants to deviate A game outcome in which players seek to increase their mutual payoff A practice where one firm initiates a price change and the other firms follow the leader A game in which the firms choose their strategies at the same time One firm's gain must equal the other firm's loss A game in which the sum of Firms select their optimal strategies in a single time period without regard to possible interactions in subsequent time periods A game that occurs more than once the two firms' outcomes is positive Instructions: Enter a numeric response corresponding to the number of the…

Discussion Question 13-11 Network effects give Internet firms a boost with respect to first mover advantages. This is because with network effects O whichever firm's network becomes the largest will become the most valuable to potential customers and will therefore attract even more users. O only firms with access to proprietary technology can form a network. O networks can be networked to create even more traffic and profits. O the first internet firm to establish a network has the most influence over any regulation. When network effects are at play, an increase in the number of people using a given product will shift the demand curve to Oright and make it more elastic. O the right and make it more inelastic. O left and make it more inelastic. O left and make it more elastic. NOV 12 tv NA 10

1. The table below shows a prisoner's dilemma in normal form. Players 1 and 2 each choose between D and C. D C D 2,2 1,10 10, 1 5,5 Answer the following questions. Remember to explain your reasoning. (a) If the game is played only once, what is the equilibrium in dominant strategies? (b) If the game is played three times in a row, what action does each player choose in every round? Suppose that the game is repeated indefinitely. The players do not discount the future. How- ever, the game ends with probability p € (0, 1) after each round. Assume that each player uses the following grim-trigger strategy. Each player chooses C in the first round. Each player chooses C in the current round if both players chose C in every previous round. Each player chooses D in the current round if either player chose D in some previous round. (c) If p = 1, is it optimal for each player to use the grim-trigger strategy above given that the other player uses the grim-trigger strategy above? [Hint: compare…

3. Antitrust laws Cooperation among oligopolies runs counter to the public interest because it leads to underproduction and high prices. In an effort to bring resource allocation closer to the social optimum, public officials attempt to force oligopolies to compete instead of cooperating. Consider the following scenario: Suppose that two American investment banks negotiate a merger agreement because a financial crisis threatens to bankrupt both firms. This merger could potentially be stopped by a lawsuit brought by which of the following American institutions? O The Commerce Department O The Interior Department O The Defense Department O The Justice Department

This is game theory question/ Quantity Competition and Nash Equilibrium I think the answers are stated in the picture. I just need an explanation about how they came up with these numbers. Thank you